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ASTM D5013-89(2009)

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges

Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedure outlined in these practices are guides for obtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid and liquid waste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the same procedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Documents. These practices by themselves will not necessarily result in the collection of samples representative of the total waste mass. The degree to which samples describe a waste mass must be estimated by application of appropriate statistical methods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommended that those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.
SCOPE
1.1 Those practices provide guidance for obtaining samples of waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, conduits, and conveyor belts. The following are included:
Sections Practice A—Liquid or Slurry Discharges
Practice B—Solid or Semisolid Discharges7 through 9
10 through 12
1.2 These practices are intended for situations in which there are no other applicable ASTM sampling methods (see Practices D 140 and D 75) for the specific industry.
1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.
1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream or moving waste mass and, therefore, are descriptive only within a certain period. The length of the period for which a sample is descriptive will depend on the sampling frequency and compositing scheme.
1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 for more information.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2009
ICS
13.030.01 - Wastes in general
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.02 - Sampling Techniques
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5013-89(2003) - Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D5013-16 - Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges
Effective Date
01-Sep-2016
Referred By
ASTM D6232-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5830-22 - Standard Test Method for Solvents Analysis in Hazardous Waste Using Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009

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ASTM D5013-89(2009) - Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point DischargesASTM D5013-89(2009) - Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges
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ASTM D5013-89(2009) - Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5013 − 89(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Document:
EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
1.1 Those practices provide guidance for obtaining samples
Physical/Chemical Methods
of waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, conduits,
and conveyor belts. The following are included:
3. Summary of Practices
Sections
3.1 The variability of the waste stream is first determined
PracticeA—Liquid or Slurry Discharges 7 through 9
Practice B—Solid or Semisolid Discharges 10 through 12 based on (1) knowledge of the processes producing the stream,
or (2) the results of a preliminary investigation of the waste
1.2 These practices are intended for situations in which
stream’s variability. A sampling design is then developed that
there are no other applicable ASTM sampling methods (see
considers the waste stream’s variability, the time frame the
Practices D140 and D75) for the specific industry.
sample is to represent, and the precision and accuracy required
1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-
for waste analysis or testing. The actual sampling procedure
proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.
consists of obtaining several grab samples from the moving
1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream or
stream or mass for analysis or testing.
moving waste mass and, therefore, are descriptive only within
4. Significance and Use
a certain period. The length of the period for which a sample is
descriptive will depend on the sampling frequency and com-
4.1 The procedure outlined in these practices are guides for
positing scheme.
obtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid and liquid
waste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the same
1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used in
procedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Docu-
conjunction with Guide D4687.
ments. These practices by themselves will not necessarily
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
result in the collection of samples representative of the total
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
waste mass. The degree to which samples describe a waste
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mass must be estimated by application of appropriate statistical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
methods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommended
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 for
that those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.
more information.
5. Hazards
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 In all sampling practices, safety should be the first
2.1 ASTM Standards:
consideration. Personnel involved in the sampling should be
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
fully aware of, and take precautions against, the presence of
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
toxic or corrosive gases, the potential for contact with toxic or
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
corrosive liquids or solids, and the dangers of moving belts,
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
conveyors, or other mechanical equipment. Guidance on waste
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
sampling safety can be found in Guide D4687.
6. Sampling Design
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
6.1 The frequency of sampling and the number of compos-
Sampling Techniques.
ites required to obtain a sample of the waste will depend on the
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
following:
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5013-89(2003). DOI:
10.1520/D5013-89R09. 6.1.1 Time variability of the waste composition,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D5013 − 89 (2009)
6.1.2 Time span which the sample is to represent, and 6.4.1 Sample handling quality control by carrying a blank
6.1.3 Precision of waste analysis that is required, for sample through all of the sampling and analytical steps, and
example, if a hazardous constituent is present in the waste at
6.4.2 User should be aware of the laboratories’ internal
levelsneartheregulatorylimitoranotherlimitofconcern,then
quality control procedures. More rigorous quality control/
better precision will be required than if the levels are well
qualityassuranceproceduresmayberequireddependingonthe
below or well above the limits of concern.
particular goals of the sampling program. For further informa-
6.2 The processes that produce the waste will largely dictate
tion on quality control/quality assurance, see Guide E882 and
the variability in the composition of the waste. If the processes
EPA-SW-846.
are known to be constant and reliable, then fewer samples
6.5 A sampling plan should be prepared prior to sampling.
should be required than from a highly variable process.
The plan should describe such things as (a) safety procedures;
6.3 To obtain a descriptive sample of the waste, the concen-
(b) sampling design, including number and location of
tration levels and approximate variation in the waste compo-
samples; (c) quality assurance procedures; (d) apparatus; (e )
sition should first be estimated. In some cases, a rough estimate
sampling procedures; and (f) sampling labeling. The details of
can be made based on knowledge of the processes that produce
the sampling procedure should consider all aspects of the
thewaste.Inothercases,resultsfromprevioussamplingefforts
specific discharge, including pipe diameter, velocity, rate of
can be used to estimate waste composition and variability. A
discharge, solids content of the discharge, requirements for
preliminary pilot sampling effort may be necessary to establish
gra
...

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ASTM D6311-98(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intended use of this guide is to provide practical assistance in the development of an optimized sampling design. This standard describes or discusses:  
4.1.1 Sampling design selection criteria,  
4.1.2 Factors impacting the choice of a sampling design,  
4.1.3 Selection of a sampling design,  
4.1.4 Techniques for optimizing candidate designs, and  
4.1.5 The criteria for evaluating an optimized sampling design.  
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4.2.1 The problem that needs to be addressed,  
4.2.2 The possible decisions,  
4.2.3 The data input and associated activities,  
4.2.4 The boundaries of the study,  
4.2.5 The development of decision rules, and  
4.2.6 The specified the limits on decision error.  
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1.  
Scope  
2.  
Referenced Documents  
3.  
Terminology  
4.  
Significance and Use  
5.  
Summary of Guide  
6.  
Factors Affecting Sampling Design Selection  
6.1  
Sampling Design Performance Characteristics  
6.2  
Regulatory Considerations  
6.3  
Project Objectives  
6.4  
Knowledge of the Site  
6.5  
Physical Sample Issues  
6.6  
Communication with the Laboratory  
6.7  
Analytical Turn Around Time  
6.8  
Analytical Method Constraints  
6.9  
Health and Safety  
6.10  
Budget/Cost Considerations  
6.11  
Representativeness  
7.  
Initial Design Selection  
8.  
Optimization Criteria  
9.  
Optimization Process  
9.2  
Practical Evaluation of Design Alternatives  
9.3  
Statistical and Cost Evaluation  
10.  
Final Selection  
Annex A1  
Types of Sampling Designs  
A1.1  
Commonly Used Sampling Designs  
A1.2  
Sampling Design Tools  
A1.3  
Combination Sample Designs  
Appendix X1. Additional References  
Appendix X2. Choosing Analytical Method Based on Variance and Cost  
Appendix X3. Calculating the Number of Samples: A Statistical Treatment  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide discusses options for taking a subsample from a sample submitted to a laboratory. If followed, it will minimize the bias and variance of the characteristic of interest of the laboratory sample prior to analysis.  
4.2 The guide will describe appropriate instructions to be submitted to the laboratory with the field sample.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use in the laboratory to take a representative subsample or specimen of the whole field sample for direct analysis or sample preparation for analysis. It is intended for field personnel, data users, laboratory sample reception personnel, analysts, and managers.  
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1.2 The procedures and techniques discussed in this guide depend upon the sample matrix, the type of sample preparation and analysis performed, the characteristic(s) of interest, and the project-specific instructions or data quality objectives.  
1.3 This guide includes several sample homogenization techniques, including mixing and grinding, as well as information on how to obtain a specimen or split laboratory samples.  
1.4 This guide does not apply to air or gas sampling.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedure outlined in these practices are guides for obtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid, and liquid waste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the same procedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Documents. These practices by themselves will not necessarily result in the collection of samples representative of the total waste mass. The degree to which samples describe a waste mass must be estimated by application of appropriate statistical methods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommended that those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides guidance to persons managing or responsible for designing sampling and analytical plans for determining whether sample compositing may assist in more efficiently meeting study objectives. Samples must be composited properly, or useful information on contamination distribution and sample variance may be lost.  
5.2 The procedures described for mixing samples and obtaining a representative subsample are broadly applicable to waste sampling where it is desired to transport a reduced amount of material to the laboratory. The mixing and subsampling sections provide guidance to persons preparing sampling and analytical plans and field personnel.  
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ASTM D6311-98(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intended use of this guide is to provide practical assistance in the development of an optimized sampling design. This standard describes or discusses:  
4.1.1 Sampling design selection criteria,  
4.1.2 Factors impacting the choice of a sampling design,  
4.1.3 Selection of a sampling design,  
4.1.4 Techniques for optimizing candidate designs, and  
4.1.5 The criteria for evaluating an optimized sampling design.  
4.2 Within a formal USEPA data generation activity, the planning process or data quality objectives (DQOs) development is the first step. The second and third are the implementation of the sampling and analysis design and the data quality assessment. Within the DQO planning process, the selection and optimization of the sampling design is the last step, and therefore, the culmination of the DQO process. The preceding steps in the DQO planning process address:  
4.2.1 The problem that needs to be addressed,  
4.2.2 The possible decisions,  
4.2.3 The data input and associated activities,  
4.2.4 The boundaries of the study,  
4.2.5 The development of decision rules, and  
4.2.6 The specified the limits on decision error.  
4.3 This guide is not intended to address the aspects of the planning process for development of the project objectives. However, the project objectives must be outlined and communicated to the design team, prior to the selection and optimization of the sample design.  
4.4 This guide references statistical aspects of the planning and implementation process and includes an appendix for the statistical calculation of the optimum number of samples for a given sampling design.  
4.5 This guide is intended for those who are responsible for making decisions about environmental waste management activities.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides practical guidance on the selection and optimization of sample designs in waste management sampling activities, within the context of the requirements established by the data quality objectives or other planning process.  
1.2 This document (1) provides guidance for selection of sampling designs; (2) outlines techniques to optimize candidate designs; and (3) describes the variables that need to be balanced in choosing the final optimized design.  
1.3 The contents of this guide are arranged by section as follows:
1.  
Scope  
2.  
Referenced Documents  
3.  
Terminology  
4.  
Significance and Use  
5.  
Summary of Guide  
6.  
Factors Affecting Sampling Design Selection  
6.1  
Sampling Design Performance Characteristics  
6.2  
Regulatory Considerations  
6.3  
Project Objectives  
6.4  
Knowledge of the Site  
6.5  
Physical Sample Issues  
6.6  
Communication with the Laboratory  
6.7  
Analytical Turn Around Time  
6.8  
Analytical Method Constraints  
6.9  
Health and Safety  
6.10  
Budget/Cost Considerations  
6.11  
Representativeness  
7.  
Initial Design Selection  
8.  
Optimization Criteria  
9.  
Optimization Process  
9.2  
Practical Evaluation of Design Alternatives  
9.3  
Statistical and Cost Evaluation  
10.  
Final Selection  
Annex A1  
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A1.1  
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A1.2  
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A1.3  
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Appendix X1. Additional References  
Appendix X2. Choosing Analytical Method Based on Variance and Cost  
Appendix X3. Calculating the Number of Samples: A Statistical Treatment  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide discusses options for taking a subsample from a sample submitted to a laboratory. If followed, it will minimize the bias and variance of the characteristic of interest of the laboratory sample prior to analysis.  
4.2 The guide will describe appropriate instructions to be submitted to the laboratory with the field sample.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use in the laboratory to take a representative subsample or specimen of the whole field sample for direct analysis or sample preparation for analysis. It is intended for field personnel, data users, laboratory sample reception personnel, analysts, and managers.  
4.4 To obtain a representative subsample, layer analysis, grinding, mixing, and changing the physical state such as digesting, drying, melting, or freezing may be required. This guide considers cone and quartering, riffle splitting, and particle size reduction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers common techniques for obtaining representative subsamples from a sample received at a laboratory for analysis. These samples may include solids, sludges, liquids, or multilayered liquids (with or without solids).  
1.2 The procedures and techniques discussed in this guide depend upon the sample matrix, the type of sample preparation and analysis performed, the characteristic(s) of interest, and the project-specific instructions or data quality objectives.  
1.3 This guide includes several sample homogenization techniques, including mixing and grinding, as well as information on how to obtain a specimen or split laboratory samples.  
1.4 This guide does not apply to air or gas sampling.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5013-18(Practice)
Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedure outlined in these practices are guides for obtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid, and liquid waste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the same procedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Documents. These practices by themselves will not necessarily result in the collection of samples representative of the total waste mass. The degree to which samples describe a waste mass must be estimated by application of appropriate statistical methods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommended that those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices provide guidance for obtaining samples of waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, conduits, and conveyor belts. The following are included:    
Sections  
Practice A – Liquid or Slurry Discharges
Practice B – Solid or Semisolid Discharges  
7–9
10–12  
1.2 These practices are intended for situations in which there are no other applicable ASTM sampling methods (see Practices D140/D140M and D75/D75M) for the specific industry.  
1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.  
1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream or moving waste mass and, therefore, are descriptive only within a certain period. The length of the period for which a sample is descriptive will depend on the sampling frequency and compositing scheme.  
1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 for more information.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5283-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use.  
5.2 Data generation efforts involve the following: establishment of the DQOs; design of the project plan to meet the DQOs; implementation of the project plan; and assessment of the data to determine whether the DQOs have been met.  
5.3 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data. Additional activities may be required, based on the DQOs of the data collection effort.  
5.4 This practice defines the criteria for field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data and identifies some other activities that may be required based on the DQOs.  
5.5 This practice emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in establishing DQOs, planning and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality.  
5.6 Environmental field operations are discussed in Section 7, and environmental laboratory operations are discussed in Section 8.
SCOPE
1.1 Environmental data generation efforts are composed of four parts: (1) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); (2) design of field measurement and sampling strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; (3) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and (4) data quality assessment. This practice addresses the planning and implementation of the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities (Parts (1) and (2) above).  
1.2 This practice defines the criteria that must be considered to ensure the quality of the field and analytical aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data include, but are not limited to, the results from analyses of samples of air, soil, water, biota, waste, or any combinations thereof.  
1.3 Adoption of a quality assurance project plan (QAPP) containing the goals, policies, procedures, organizational responsibilities, evaluation and reporting requirements, and other attributes of a quality management system including statement of DQOs should be adopted prior to application of this practice. Data generated in accordance with this practice are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met through application of quality control (QC) procedures that produce data that are scientifically valid for the purposes to which the data are intended. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the mandatory quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this practice to generate data adequate to meet the project DQOs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs.  
1.4 This practice presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The words “must,” “shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this practice.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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