ASTM D3709-89(2010)

Standard Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Under Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling Conditions (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method indicates the ability of the emulsion to withstand mild to moderately severe winter conditions of use and storage. Generally this significance would be limited to conditions where the emulsion reaches a minimum temperature of −18°C (0°F).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the indication of the stability of water-in-oil emulsions when subjected to temperature cycling changes between ambient temperature and –18°C (0°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the indication of the stability of water-in-oil emulsions when subjected to temperature cycling changes between ambient temperature and –18 °C (0 °F).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in June 2016 due to lack of use.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 06-Jun-2016
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3709-89(2005)e1 - Standard Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Under Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6361/D6361M-98(2020) - Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3709 − 89(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Under Low to Ambient
Temperature Cycling Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and storage. Generally this significance would be limited to
conditionswheretheemulsionreachesaminimumtemperature
1.1 This test method covers the indication of the stability of
of−18°C (0°F).
water-in-oil emulsions when subjected to temperature cycling
changes between ambient temperature and –18°C (0°F).
5. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Cold Box—Athermostatically controlled freezer or cold
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
box capable of being maintained at−18 6 1.5°C (0 6 3°F).
only.
5.2 Graduated Cylinder—A stoppered 100-mL glass cylin-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
der graduated in 1.0-mL increments. The stopper should have
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a vent groove to prevent vacuum or pressure build-up during
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the test.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Pipet, 10-mL glass.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.4 Microsyringe,0.05-mLglasswithafixedneedle,No.19
2. Referenced Documents
gage, point style No. 3.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.5 Glass Vials, approximately 30-mL size.
D7144Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-
vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Metals Determination
6. Preparation of Sample
3. Summary of Test Method
6.1 To ensure uniformity of the sample, it should be mixed
thoroughly before removing the quantity required for the test.
3.1 A 100-mL sample contained in a graduated 100-mL
Vigorous hand shaking or mechanical mixing for 3 to 5 min is
cylinderisplacedinacoolingboxat−18°C(0°F)for16hand
recommended for litre-size containers or less.
thenallowedtostandatroomtemperaturefor8h.Thiscycling
procedure is repeated to give a total of nine cycles, except that
6.2 Special difficulties arise in mixing and withdrawing
the fifth cycle is one of 64 h at−18°C (0°F), 8 h at room
representativesamplesfromlargecontainers.Thisisduetothe
temperature. At the completion of the cycling procedure the
nature of water-in-oil emulsions that are two-phase systems as
sample is examined for the amount of free oil and free water
distinct from truly homogeneous systems. Vigorous mechani-
separated.Inaddition,watercontentsofthesampleatspecified
cal stirring for an extended period is the best means of
levels in the upper and lower layers of the sample are also
achieving homogeneity. However, for unstable emulsions that
obtained.
havebeeninstorageforsometimethereisnosatisfactoryway
to obtain a representative sample.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method indicates the ability of the emulsion to
7. Procedure
withstand mild to moderately severe winter conditions of use
7.1 After careful preparation of the sample to ensure homo-
geneity (described in Section 6), transfer 100 mL to a gradu-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
ated 100-mL cylinder. Insert the vented stopper.
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.N0.02 on Industrial Applications.
7.2 Place the cylinder in the cold box at−18 6 1.5°C (0 6
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
3°F) for a period of 16 h.Withdraw the cylinder from the cold
ϵ1
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1989 as D3709–89(2005) .
box and allow to stand at room temperature, 21 6 3°C (70 6
DOI: 10.1520/D3709-89R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5°F), for a period of 8 h.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.3 Repeat the cycling procedure as in 7.2 for three more
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cycles.
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D3709 − 89 (2010)
7.4 Replace the cylinder in the cold box for a period of 64 9.1.1 Type I—Stable Emulsions (Procedures A and B):
h. Withdraw and allow to stand at room temperature for 8 h. 9.1.1.1 Precision—The precision of the method as deter-
mined by the statistical examination of interlaboratory test
7.5 Repeat the cycling procedure as in 7.2 for four more
results is as follows.
cycles, except that during the final cycle, the period at room
9.1.1.2 Repeatability—The difference between successive
temperature is limited to 3 h instead of 8 h before making
results obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus
observations.
under constant operat
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