ASTM D6361/D6361M-98(2020)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning requirements for specifications for manufacturing, maintenance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent process(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety concerns.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers, manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors in a selection process.
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers through the cleaning material selection process, calling for engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates extra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total life cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is recommended to compare the methods available.
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equipment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assemblies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or super-critical fluid cleaning.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6361/D6361M − 98 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6361/D6361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers
in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide
2. Referenced Documents
takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors
in a selection process. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers
Open Cup Tester
through the cleaning material selection process, calling for
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning
Closed Cup Tester
requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several
ness
process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates
D3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
extracleaningprocessstepsduringthetotalprocess.Atotallife
Adhesives
cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
recommended to compare the methods available.
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equip-
D3519 Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender
ment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to
Test) (Withdrawn 2013)
some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assem-
D3601 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle
blies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or
Test) (Withdrawn 2013)
electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or
D3707 Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-Oil
super-critical fluid cleaning.
Emulsions by the Oven Test Method (Withdrawn 2016)
D3709 Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Under Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling Conditions
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
(Withdrawn 2016)
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
D3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test) (Withdrawn 2019)
used independently of the other and values from the two
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
systems shall not be combined.
Glass Electrode
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1720 Test Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate, Bio-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
degradability of Organic Chemicals in a Sealed Vessel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
CO Production Test (Withdrawn 2013)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
F483 Practice for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Air-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
craft Maintenance Chemicals
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
F484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Contact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 on Halogenated For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D26.03 on Cold Cleaning. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6361/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D6361M–98(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D6361_D6361M–98R20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6361/D6361M − 98 (2020)
TABLE 1 Summary of Guide
F485 Practice for Effects of Cleaners on Unpainted Aircraft
Surfaces Step Defined User Requirements Procedure
1 Define the ESH, physical and Physical and Chemical Properties
F502 Test Method for Effects of Cleaning and Chemical
chemical requirements of the Test—Verify that the prospective
Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces
facility agent is acceptable.
F519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement 2 Define the material(s) to be Material Compatibility Test(s)—
cleaned Verify that the prospective agent
Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service En-
will not harm the component(s)
vironments
being cleaned.
3 Determine shape of part (part Applicable processes and
F945 Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys
geometry) equipment
by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials
4 Define the reason for cleaning Performance Testing—Verify that
F1104 Test Method for Preparing Aircraft Cleaning
the prospective agent and
process will perform to the
Compounds, Liquid Type, Water Base, for Storage Stabil-
desired level of cleanliness for the
ity Testing
particular cleaning application.
F1110 Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion Test
5 Select cleaner Validate environment, cost, and
worker health and safety.
F1111 Test Method for Corrosion of Low-Embrittling Cad-
mium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals
G44 PracticeforExposureofMetalsandAlloysbyAlternate
summary of the user-defined requirements information and the
Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
procedures to be provided by this guide. The order of the steps
G121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-
presented in Table 1 is suggested, but not crucial to the
pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
successful use of this guide. Section 6 will provide greater
G122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of
details on both the user input and the guidance provided.
Cleaning Agents
2.2 Other Documents:
5. Significance and Use
Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 3204/AMS 3209
5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning
Test for Rubber Compatibility
requirements for specifications for manufacturing,
ARP 1795 StockLoss Corrosion
maintenance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be
FAA Technical Bulletin
application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the
2.3 Military Standards:
design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or
MIL-S-8802
manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part
MIL-S-81722
material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the
MIL-W-81381/11-20
industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection
of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being
3. Terminology
cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent pro-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cess(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety
3.1.1 cleaning effıciency, n—the measure of how well a
concerns.
cleaning agent is able to clean a substrate.
6. Procedure
3.1.2 level of cleanliness, n—the degree to which a part
must be cleaned in order to perform successfully in subsequent
6.1 Step 1—Define the Requirements of the Facility—The
manufacturing or maintenance procedures, or to perform ad-
first step taken in selecting a replacement cleaner is to
equately in its final application.
determine which cleaners or classes of cleaners are acceptable
3.1.3 pre-cleaning, n—the initial cleaning step to remove to the requirements of the facility. These requirements include
environmental, safety, and health requirements and the physi-
gross contaminants prior to a precision cleaning process.
cal and chemical properties of the cleaner itself.
4. Summary of Guide
6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements—
Table2presentssomeofthemorecommonconcernsregarding
4.1 Thefollowingisasummaryofthefivestepapproachfor
cleaning agents and their effects on the environment, and
selecting general cleaning agents and processes for use in
worker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer should
manufacturing, overhaul, and maintenance in industrial opera-
find their concerns on the left-hand column and ensure that the
tion. For each step, the user of the guide will provide specific
cleaner meets the requirements listed in the right-hand column.
information on a particular aspect of their process. Then, the
user should consult the guide, which will provide appropriate
TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements
guidanceonevaluationcriteriathatshouldbefollowedinorder
to evaluate the potential cleaning agents. Table 1 provides a Concern Requirement
Environment Compliance with all federal, state, and local laws
and regulations concerning the procurement, use,
and disposal of the cleaning agent and associated
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
materials.
PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
Worker safety and health Compliance with OSHA regulations, provide
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
sufficient personal protective equipment to ensure
Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov.
the health and safety risks of using the cleaning
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, agent are minimized.
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
D6361/D6361M − 98 (2020)
6.1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties—Table 3 presents tions listed in the remainder of the row. Please note that this
some of the more common concerns regarding cleaning agents guide does not provide values for the inspection results. These
andtheirphysicalandchemicalproperties,andthecorrespond- values are to be determined by the engineer based on the
ing tests required to evaluate those properties. To use Table 3, specific requirements of the operation.
the engineer should find their concern(s) on the left-hand
6.2 Step 2—Determine Materials of the Parts Being
column and require the data from evaluations of the specifica-
Cleaned to Ascertain Material Compatibility Test
Requirements—The second step in using this guide is to
determine the material, or materials of the parts, being cleaned.
TABLE 3 Physical and Chemical Properties
The information will provide the engineer with the material
Concern ASTM Standard
Flash point D56 compatibility test data required to ensure the cleaner will not
D92
damage the parts being cleaned. Table 4 presents a table to be
D93
used to determine the required material compatibility tests. To
D3278
use Table 4, select the material type from the left-hand column.
pH value E70
The remaining information in the corresponding row provides
the short title and the specification number for each of the tests
Foaming properties D3519
that must be performed in order to ensure material compatibil-
D3601
ity with the cleaning agent. It is important to note that alloys
Biodegradability E1720
behave differently than pure metals and different alloys behave
Storage stability D3707 differently than other alloys; therefore, specific alloys must be
F1104
utilized when conducting these compatibility tests. If data are
notavailableonaspecificalloywithaspecificcleaner,thedata
Temperature stability D3709
must be developed prior to the use of the cleaner.
TABLE 4 Material Compatibility Requirements
Material Type Short Title Standard
Steel Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Cobalt alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Nickel alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Titanium alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
A
Stress Corrosion of Titanium ASTM F945
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Iron Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Aluminum Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
D6361/D6361M − 98 (2020)
TABLE 4 Continued
Material Type Short Title Standard
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Magnesium Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Brass and bronze Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)
Copper and alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 17
...
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