ASTM F778-88(2007)

Standard Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of Filtration Media

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The air-flow resistance (pressure drop) of a filter is an important parameter that can assist in characterizing the physical make-up as well as the utility of a filter.
Therefore, flow characteristics of clean filter media can be used for quality control, product development, and basic research. It may be used by the producer of filter media to illustrate media type or to meet product specification and can be used by the consumer as a criterion for media selection.
These methods may also be used for acceptance testing.
For purposes of quality control, meeting product specification, or acceptance testing, a single-point flow regime on multiple samples is adequate. However, for design, development, and research, a multiple-point flow regime may be necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 The flow resistance of any fabricated filter device will depend on the flow resistance of the media used.
1.2 This standard offers procedures sufficient to determine the gas flow characteristics of flat specimens of media used in the filtration process. The methods are extended to include pleated specimens and bulk media as well.
1.3 In all cases, flow rates through the specimen are determined in accordance with procedures outlined in ASME "Fluid Meters." The test fluid is air.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2007
• ICS: 71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
• Technical Committee: D22 - Air Quality
• Drafting Committee: D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F778-88(2001) - Standard Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of Filtration Media
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D737-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F2299/F2299M-03(2017) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used in Medical Face Masks to Penetration by Particulates Using Latex Spheres
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F778 −88(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Methods for
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Gas Flow Resistance Testing of Filtration Media
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF778;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab,
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
1.1 The flow resistance of any fabricated filter device will
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
depend on the flow resistance of the media used.
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
1.2 This standard offers procedures sufficient to determine
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
the gas flow characteristics of flat specimens of media used in
Lot or Process
the filtration process. The methods are extended to include
2.2 ASME Document:
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pleated specimens and bulk media as well.
“Fluid Meters,” Sixth Edition, 1971
1.3 In all cases, flow rates through the specimen are
3. Terminology
determined in accordance with procedures outlined in ASME
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
“Fluid Meters.” The test fluid is air.
3.1.1 air density, ρ—mass per unit volume.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
3.1.2 air flow resistance, ∆P—pressure drop or pressure
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
differential across a test specimen of filter medium at a
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
specified air face velocity or mass flow rate.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
3.1.3 constituted bulk media—those types of filter media
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formed from bonded aggregates or discrete solid materials.
3.1.4 edge leakage—airflowthatpassesintoorbypassesthe
2. Referenced Documents
test specimen in geometric planes other than those intended for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance measurement.
3
D461 Test Methods for Felt (Withdrawn 2003)
3.1.5 face area, A—cross-sectionalareaperpendiculartoair
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of
flow at the specimen test boundary.
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product
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(Withdrawn 2010) NOTE 1—If specimen inlet and exit face areas are different, “Inlet” or
“Exit” shall be used to describe the face area in question.
D645/D645M Test Method for Thickness of Paper and
3
Paperboard (Withdrawn 2010) 3.1.6 face velocity, V— volumetric flow rate per unit face
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products area.
3
for Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
NOTE 2—If specimen inlet and exit face areas are different, “Inlet” or
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
“Exit” shall be used to describe the face velocity in question.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3.1.7 mass rate of flow, m˙—mass transport of air per unit
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
time through the test specimen.
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
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3.1.8 medium area, A —total area of filtration media ex-
m
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
posed to air flow.
1 NOTE 3—Medium area may be greater than face area due to pleating,
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
folding, etc.
Quality and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
3.1.9 medium velocity, V —volumetric flow rate per unit
m
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
medium area.
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F778 - 88(2001). DOI:
10.1520/F0778-88R07.
3.1.10 normalized resistance, σ∆P—product of sigma and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
measured air flow resistance.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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the ASTM website. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.astm.org. www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F778−88 (2007)
3.1.11 sigma, σ—ratio of air density existing at test condi- ordered pairs of (normalized resistance, mass flow) are re-
tions to standard air density. Density at standard conditions is ported rather
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