ASTM D2322-14(2023)

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method gives an indication of the serviceability of shoe upper leather in actual wear.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect of perspiration on shoe upper leather. The leather is subjected to treatment with a formulation of artificial perspiration specific for breakdown of leather. Resistance to grain cracking as measured in accordance with Test Method D2210 and area loss are used as the criterion of deterioration. The artificial perspiration may also affect the flexibility of the leather. However, these effects have not been fully evaluated as criteria of deterioration in this test method. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2022
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.03 - Footwear

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1610-01(2013) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D2210-00(2012) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2012
• Refers: ASTM D2210-00(2008) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Refers: ASTM D2813-03(2008) - Standard Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Refers: ASTM D1610-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Refers: ASTM D2210-00(2004) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2004
• Refers: ASTM D2813-03 - Standard Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Refers: ASTM D1610-00 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D1610-01 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D2210-00 - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2000
• Refers: ASTM D2813-97 - Standard Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997

Overview

ASTM D2322-14(2023): Standard Test Method for Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration is an international standard developed by ASTM to assess the durability of shoe upper leather when exposed to artificial perspiration. The test provides a reliable indication of how shoe upper leather will perform under conditions simulating actual wear, specifically focusing on grain cracking and area loss as primary criteria for deterioration. This method is critical for manufacturers, laboratories, and quality control teams seeking to ensure the performance and longevity of leather used in footwear.

Key Topics

• Test Scope: The method outlines procedures to determine the effect of artificial perspiration on shoe upper leather, excluding wet blue leather.
• Deterioration Criteria: Evaluates leather resistance using two criteria:
  • Grain crack strength (measured using the Mullen Tester)
  • Area loss after exposure to artificial perspiration
• Test Process:
  • Specimens are conditioned, then one is exposed to a solution simulating human sweat
  • The leather's resistance to cracking and dimensional stability are compared before and after exposure
• Chemical Simulation: Artificial perspiration is formulated to mimic sweat's chemical impact on leather, including components such as sodium chloride and urea at specific concentrations and a set pH.
• Measurement Units: Results are primarily reported in inch-pound units, with SI conversions provided for reference.
• Safety and Responsibility: Users must ensure proper safety, health, and environmental protocols when performing the test.

Applications

ASTM D2322-14(2023) delivers practical value across the leather and footwear industries by:

• Quality Assurance: Assisting manufacturers in verifying the durability and resistance of shoe upper leather to perspiration, thereby improving product quality and user satisfaction.
• Material Development: Guiding research and development teams in formulating better leather treatments or finishes to enhance resistance to sweat-induced damage.
• Regulatory Compliance: Supporting compliance with international trade and quality standards, helping companies meet both customer and regulatory expectations.
• Comparative Testing: Allowing brands and suppliers to compare different leathers or treatments under standardized conditions, leading to informed material selection.
• Performance Benchmarking: Establishing benchmarks for acceptable levels of grain crack resistance and dimensional stability in footwear products.

Related Standards

For comprehensive evaluation and assurance, ASTM D2322-14(2023) is often used alongside:

• ASTM D2210 - Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather (used to measure crack strength in this method)
• ASTM D1610 - Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing (conditioning procedures)
• ASTM D2813 - Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests

These referenced standards work together to provide a robust framework for leather testing and quality control in the footwear supply chain.

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Keywords: shoe upper leather, artificial perspiration, ASTM D2322, grain crack strength, area loss, leather testing, footwear quality, leather durability, standard test method, product compliance

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2322 −14 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Leather by the Mullen Test
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect
Chemical Tests
of perspiration on shoe upper leather. The leather is subjected
to treatment with a formulation of artificial perspiration spe-
3. Significance and Use
cific for breakdown of leather. Resistance to grain cracking as
measured in accordance withTest Method D2210 and area loss
3.1 Thistestmethodgivesanindicationoftheserviceability
are used as the criterion of deterioration. The artificial perspi-
of shoe upper leather in actual wear.
ration may also affect the flexibility of the leather. However,
these effects have not been fully evaluated as criteria of
4. Apparatus
deterioration in this test method. This test method does not
4.1 Circulating-Air Oven, capable of maintaining the re-
apply to wet blue.
quired temperature within 64°F(62 °C).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.2 Bottle, wide-mouth, ⁄2-gal (1.9-L) with suitable airtight
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
closure.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.3 Glass Tray, 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) deep.
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.4 Mullen Tester.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5. Reagent
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 A solution of artificial perspiration with a pH of 8.5
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
consisting of the following:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Sodium chloride, g 9.0
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Urea, g 1.67
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Sodium lactate (60 percent sodium lactate), g 86.0
Disodium phosphate (Na HPO ·12H O), g 0.165
2 4 2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Distilled water to make 1 litre of solution
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Adjust the pH of the solution with lactic acid or ammonium carbonate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. depending on whether acid or base is required to bring pH to 8.5.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Test Specimens
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1 Two test specimens 3 in. by 3 in. 6 0.0625 in. (76 mm
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
by 76 mm 6 1.5 mm) each shall be cut from the sample to be
ucts for Testing evaluated. One specimen shall be the control, the other shall be
D2210 Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of
for exposure to artificial perspiration. For purposes of
identification, the specimen for exposure to artificial perspira-
tion shall be punched (approximate 0.06 in. (1.5 mm) hole) on
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
two corners.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
6.2 When taking test specimens from skins or hides refer to
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally
Practice D2813.
approved in 1964 as D2322 – 64T. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
D2322 –14. DOI: 10.1520/D2322-14R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7. Conditioning
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 AllspecimensshallbeconditionedaccordingtoPractice
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. D1610.
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D2322 − 14 (2023)
8. Procedure 9. Calculation
9.1 Calculate the percentage change in grain crack strength
8.1 Condition the control specim
...