ASTM E1190-95(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural Members
Standard Test Methods for Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural Members
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining the static axial tensile and shear strengths of power-actuated fasteners installed in structural members made of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with fasteners that are installed perpendicular to a plane surface of the structural member.
1.3 Tests for combined tension and shear, fatigue, dynamic, and torsional load resistance are not covered.
1.4 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: E 1190 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural
Members
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining 3.1 Definitions of general terms may be found in Terminol-
the static axial tensile and shear strengths of power-actuated ogy E 631.
fasteners installed in structural members made of concrete, 3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
concrete masonry, and steel. 3.2.1 powder-actuated fastening system—a system that uses
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with fasteners explosive powder to embed the fastener in structural elements.
that are installed perpendicular to a plane surface of the 3.2.2 power-actuated fastening system—a system that uses
structural member. explosive powder, gas combustion, or compressed air or other
1.3 Tests for combined tension and shear, fatigue, dynamic, gas to embed the fastener in structural elements.
and torsional load resistance are not covered. 3.2.3 drive pin—a nail-like metal fastener designed to
1.4 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded attach one material to another.
as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for 3.2.4 threaded stud—a round metal-wire fastener, with a
information only. pointed shank at one end and threads along the other end,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the designed to be used as a removable fastening or in conjunction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the with a threaded coupler.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.5 structural member—an element of a structural system
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- such as a beam, column, or truss.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard 3.2.6 static load—a load or series of loads that are sup-
statements are given in Section 6. ported by or are applied to a structure so gradually that forces
caused by change in momentum of the load and structural
2. Referenced Documents
elements are negligible and all parts of the system at any
2.1 ASTM Standards:
instant are essentially in equilibrium.
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines 3.2.7 tensile test—a test in which a fastener is loaded axially
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
in tension at a specified rate.
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials 3.2.8 shear test—a test in which a force is applied perpen-
E 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
dicularly to the axis of the fastener and parallel to the surface
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As- of the structural member.
semblies
3.2.9 fastener spacing, s—the distance between the longi-
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions tudinal axes of two fasteners in the same plane. Also, distance
2.2 ANSI Standard:
between longitudinal axis of fastener and nearest edge of
A10.3 Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fastening test-system supports (see s in Fig. 1).
Systems
3.2.10 edge distance, c—the distance from the longitudinal
axis (center) of a fastener to the nearest edge of the structural
member in which it is installed.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on
3.2.11 embedment depth, h —the distance from the surface
ef
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13
of the structural member to the installed end of the fastener
on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally including its point, if any.
published as E 1190 – 87. Last previous edition E 1190 – 87.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1190 – 95 (2000)
FIG. 1 Typical Static Tension Test Arrangement
3.2.12 displacement—movement of a fastener relative to hardware with minimal elongation and shall be attached to the
the structural member. In tensile tests, displacement is mea- fastener by means of a connector that will minimize the direct
sured along the axis of the fastener; in shear tests it is measured transfer of bending forces through the connection. When
in the direction of the applied load perpendicular to the axis of displacements are measured, dial gages or a linear variable
the fastener. differential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a manner
so as to ensure accurate displacement measurement.
4. Significance and Use
5.1.2 Shear Test:
4.1 These test methods are intended to measure the anchor- 5.1.2.1 A system suitable for applying shear forces is shown
ing capability and shear resistance of power-actuated fasteners in Fig. 2. for a single fastener specimen. The components of the
to provide information from which applicable design values are test fixture shall be of sufficient size and strength to prevent
to be derived for use in structural applications, such as in yielding during application of the ultimate test load. The test
members of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel. system support shall be of sufficient size to prevent local failure
of the structural member in the bearing contact area. When
5. Apparatus
displacements are measured, dial gages or a linear variable
5.1 Equipment—Any system suitable for applying tensile differential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a manner
and shear forces shall be used, provided the requirements for so as to ensure accurate displacement measurement.
rate of loading in 9.4 are met, and the instrumentation is 5.1.2.2 The thickness of the shear fixture in the immediate
capable of measuring the forces to an accuracy within 6 2% vicinity of the test fastener shall be approximately equal to the
of the applied force, when calibrated in accordance with fastener diameter at the point of intersection of the fastener and
Practices E 4. The device shall be of sufficient capacity to the base material unless otherwise specified. The hole in the
prevent yielding of its various components and shall ensure shear fixture designed to accommodate the fastener shall have
that the applied tensile forces remain parallel to the axes of the a diameter that is 0.5 6 0.1 mm (0.020 6 0.004 in.) greater
fasteners and that the applied shear forces remain parallel to the than that of the fastener tested. The initial shape of the hole in
surface of the structural member during testing. Load cells the shear fixture shall correspond to that of the fastener cross
shall be used for laboratory testing. If pressure gages are used section and shall be maintained throughout all tests. Worn or
for field testing, they shall be calibrated immediately prior to deformed holes shall be repaired. When required, insert sleeves
use. shall be installed in the shear plate to meet these requirements,
5.1.1 Tensile Test—A system suitable for applying tensile provided they do not increase deformation of the anchorage
forces is shown in Fig. 1 for a single fastener specimen. The under load.
test system supports shall be of sufficient size to prevent failure 5.2 Optional Displacement Measurements— Displacement
of the surrounding structural member. The loading rod shall be or deformation measurements are not required to derive design
of a size to develop the ultimate strength of the fastener data for a given fastening system.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1190 – 95 (2000)
FIG. 2 Typical Static Shear Test Arrangement
5.2.1 Tension Test (see Fig. 1)—Dial gages, having a 6. Hazards
smallest division of not more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), or any
6.1 Take precaution to ensure that people are not injured and
suitable measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at least
that test equipment, instrumentation, and the building, its
comparable accuracy and sensitivity, such as an LVDT, shall be
components, and its finish are not damaged prior to, during, or
used to measure displacement of the fastening system relative
after load application, by any unexpected release of potential
to the structural member. The instruments shall be positioned
strain energy accumulated during testing.
to measure the vertical movement of the fastener with respect
6.2 All operators of powder-actuated tools used for the
to points on the structural member, at a minimum distance of
installation of test specimens shall be licensed by the manu-
40 mm (1.6 in.) from the center of the test fastener. The
facturer. Operators shall comply with ANSI Standard A 10.3
instruments shall be mounted on the fastener specimen or
requirements and local safety requirements.
loading rod at a distance not more than 100 mm (4.0 in.) from
the structural member surface, in order to minimize extraneous
7. Test Specimens
movements (hardware elongation) in the displacement mea-
7.1 Fastening System—The fastening system shall be rep-
surements.
resentative of the type and lot to be used in field construction
5.2.2 Tests of a Group of Fasteners— Only one set of
and shall include all accessory hardware normally required.
instruments is required for a group of fasteners tested as a
7.2 Fastener Installation—The fasteners shall be installed
closely spaced cluster. The displacement to be used for the
using the manufacturer’s installation instructions and tools or,
evaluation of the findings is the average deformation indicated
where specific deviation is justified, in accordance with ac-
by all instruments mounted symmetrically equidistant from the
cepted field methods or to meet the requirements of the tests.
center of the cluster.
7.3 Fastener Placement—All fasteners (types, sizes, em-
5.2.3 Shear Test (see Fig. 2)—A single dial gage, having a
bedment depths) to be used in a given installation shall either
smallest division of not more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) or any
be tested individually or in groups of two or more at the
suitable measurement device, such as an LVDT, or calibrated
intended spacing. Fasteners shall be installed at distances equal
sensor of at least comparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be
to or greater than those specified in Table 1 to preclude
used to measure the displacement of the fastening system
influences from adjacent fasteners or edges during testing.
relative to the structural member. The instrument shall be
These distances are not to be considered minimum distances.
positioned to measure displacement in the direction of the
Tests shall be performed to determine minimum spacing and
applied force. The displacement sensor shall be placed on the
edge distances.
structural member to allow the sensing element to be in direct
contact with the fastener or be attached directly to the fastener. 7.4 Structural Member—The structural member in which
For tests on clusters of fasteners, the instrument shall lie in a the fastener is to be installed shall be representative of the
plane through the axis of the shear loading rod or plate. An materials and configuration intended for field use. Concrete or
extension of the axis of the shear fixture shall pass through the masonry structural members do not have to be reinforced with
centroid of the cluster of fasteners. steel (Note 1).
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 1190 – 95 (2000)
TABLE 1 Fastener Spacing, s, and Edge Distance, c, to Preclude
cannot be tested, because they did not set at all, that is were not
Influences on Fastener Performance
installed properly, shall be reported as invalid data points.
Minimum Fastener
Invalid data points shall not be included when determining the
Minimum Edge Distance,
Shank Diameter, Spacing,
mm (in.)
average ultimate test values.
mm (in.) mm (in.)
8.3 For developing minimum edge distances and fastener
Steel Concrete Steel Concrete
2.5 to 4.0 25 (1.0) 100 (4.0) 12 (0.5) 80 (8.2)
spacings, the number of fasteners for each condition shall be at
(0.100 to 0.156)
least ten.
4.1 to 5.0 25 (1.0) 130 (5.1) 12 (0.5) 90 (3.5)
(0.157 to 0.199)
9. Procedure
5.1 to 6.5 40 (1.6) 150 (5.9) 25 (1.0) 100 (4.0)
(0.200 to 0.250)
9.1 Positioning of Loading System:
9.1.1 Tension Test—Position the loading system over the
fastener, such as shown in Fig. 1, in such a way that the test
NOTE 1—The location and orientation of reinforcement embedded in
system supports are equidistant from the test fastener and
concrete and masonry members may influence fastener capacity. Their
spaced sufficiently apart as not to influence the test findings.
influence shall be evaluated if reinforcement is used.
The failure plane of the fastening system shall not interact with
7.5 The concrete or masonry structural member thickness,
the test system supports. Provide uniform contact between the
T, shall be sufficient to ensure that the installation and testing
surface of the structural member and the test system supports.
of the fastener will not crack or cause any other failure of the
Position and attach the loading rod so that the load is applied
base material.
through the center of a single fastener, as shown in Fig. 1, or
7.6 The length, L, and width, W, of concrete structural
through the centroid of a cluster of fasteners. Whenever a
members shall ensure that no shear breakout or tension failure
loading plate is required in the testing of a cluster of fasteners,
spall intersects either the outside edges of the structural
make every effort to provide uniform loading of the individual
member or the bearing contact points of the test frame.
fasteners of the cluster.
7.7 The edge distance, c, shall be as in Table 1 where the
9.1.2 Shear Test—Position and fasten the structural mem
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