ASTM E1190-95(2000)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural Members
Standard Test Methods for Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural Members
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining the static axial tensile and shear strengths of power-actuated fasteners installed in structural members made of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with fasteners that are installed perpendicular to a plane surface of the structural member.
1.3 Tests for combined tension and shear, fatigue, dynamic, and torsional load resistance are not covered.
1.4 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.
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Designation: E 1190 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural
Members
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—An editorial change was made in Table 1 in February 2004.
1. Scope A10.3 Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fastening
Systems
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining
the static axial tensile and shear strengths of power-actuated
3. Terminology
fasteners installed in structural members made of concrete,
3.1 Definitions of general terms may be found in Terminol-
concrete masonry, and steel.
ogy E 631.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with fasteners
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
that are installed perpendicular to a plane surface of the
3.2.1 powder-actuated fastening system—a system that uses
structural member.
explosive powder to embed the fastener in structural elements.
1.3 Tests for combined tension and shear, fatigue, dynamic,
3.2.2 power-actuated fastening system—a system that uses
and torsional load resistance are not covered.
explosive powder, gas combustion, or compressed air or other
1.4 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded
gas to embed the fastener in structural elements.
as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for
3.2.3 drive pin—a nail-like metal fastener designed to
information only.
attach one material to another.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 threaded stud—a round metal-wire fastener, with a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pointed shank at one end and threads along the other end,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
designed to be used as a removable fastening or in conjunction
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with a threaded coupler.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
3.2.5 structural member—an element of a structural system
statements are given in Section 6.
such as a beam, column, or truss.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.6 static load—a load or series of loads that are sup-
ported by or are applied to a structure so gradually that forces
2.1 ASTM Standards:
caused by change in momentum of the load and structural
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
elements are negligible and all parts of the system at any
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
instant are essentially in equilibrium.
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
3.2.7 tensile test—atestinwhichafastenerisloadedaxially
E 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
in tension at a specified rate.
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
4 3.2.8 shear test—a test in which a force is applied perpen-
semblies
dicularly to the axis of the fastener and parallel to the surface
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
of the structural member.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
3.2.9 fastener spacing, s—the distance between the longi-
tudinal axes of two fasteners in the same plane. Also, distance
between longitudinal axis of fastener and nearest edge of
test-system supports (see s in Fig. 1).
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on 3.2.10 edge distance, c—the distance from the longitudinal
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13
axis (center) of a fastener to the nearest edge of the structural
on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.
member in which it is installed.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. Originally
published as E 1190 – 87. Last previous edition E 1190 – 87.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11. New York, NY 10036.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
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E 1190 – 95 (2000)
FIG. 1 Typical Static Tension Test Arrangement
3.2.11 embedment depth, h —the distance from the surface test system supports shall be of sufficient size to prevent failure
ef
of the structural member to the installed end of the fastener of the surrounding structural member. The loading rod shall be
including its point, if any. of a size to develop the ultimate strength of the fastener
3.2.12 displacement—movement of a fastener relative to hardware with minimal elongation and shall be attached to the
the structural member. In tensile tests, displacement is mea- fastener by means of a connector that will minimize the direct
suredalongtheaxisofthefastener;insheartestsitismeasured transfer of bending forces through the connection. When
in the direction of the applied load perpendicular to the axis of displacements are measured, dial gages or a linear variable
the fastener. differential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a manner
so as to ensure accurate displacement measurement.
4. Significance and Use
5.1.2 Shear Test:
4.1 These test methods are intended to measure the anchor- 5.1.2.1 Asystem suitable for applying shear forces is shown
ing capability and shear resistance of power-actuated fasteners inFig.2.forasinglefastenerspecimen.Thecomponentsofthe
toprovideinformationfromwhichapplicabledesignvaluesare test fixture shall be of sufficient size and strength to prevent
to be derived for use in structural applications, such as in yielding during application of the ultimate test load. The test
members of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel. systemsupportshallbeofsufficientsizetopreventlocalfailure
of the structural member in the bearing contact area. When
5. Apparatus
displacements are measured, dial gages or a linear variable
5.1 Equipment—Any system suitable for applying tensile differential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a manner
and shear forces shall be used, provided the requirements for so as to ensure accurate displacement measurement.
rate of loading in 9.4 are met, and the instrumentation is 5.1.2.2 The thickness of the shear fixture in the immediate
capable of measuring the forces to an accuracy within 62% vicinity of the test fastener shall be approximately equal to the
of the applied force, when calibrated in accordance with fastener diameter at the point of intersection of the fastener and
Practices E4. The device shall be of sufficient capacity to the base material unless otherwise specified. The hole in the
prevent yielding of its various components and shall ensure shear fixture designed to accommodate the fastener shall have
that the applied tensile forces remain parallel to the axes of the a diameter that is 0.5 6 0.1 mm (0.020 6 0.004 in.) greater
fastenersandthattheappliedshearforcesremainparalleltothe than that of the fastener tested. The initial shape of the hole in
surface of the structural member during testing. Load cells the shear fixture shall correspond to that of the fastener cross
shall be used for laboratory testing. If pressure gages are used section and shall be maintained throughout all tests. Worn or
for field testing, they shall be calibrated immediately prior to deformedholesshallberepaired.Whenrequired,insertsleeves
use. shall be installed in the shear plate to meet these requirements,
5.1.1 Tensile Test—A system suitable for applying tensile provided they do not increase deformation of the anchorage
forces is shown in Fig. 1 for a single fastener specimen. The under load.
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E 1190 – 95 (2000)
FIG. 2 Typical Static Shear Test Arrangement
5.2 Optional Displacement Measurements— Displacement plane through the axis of the shear loading rod or plate. An
or deformation measurements are not required to derive design extension of the axis of the shear fixture shall pass through the
data for a given fastening system. centroid of the cluster of fasteners.
5.2.1 Tension Test (see Fig. 1)—Dial gages, having a
6. Hazards
smallestdivisionofnotmorethan0.025mm(0.001in.),orany
suitable measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at least 6.1 Takeprecautiontoensurethatpeoplearenotinjuredand
comparableaccuracyandsensitivity,suchasanLVDT,shallbe that test equipment, instrumentation, and the building, its
used to measure displacement of the fastening system relative components, and its finish are not damaged prior to, during, or
to the structural member. The instruments shall be positioned after load application, by any unexpected release of potential
to measure the vertical movement of the fastener with respect strain energy accumulated during testing.
to points on the structural member, at a minimum distance of 6.2 All operators of powder-actuated tools used for the
40 mm (1.6 in.) from the center of the test fastener. The installation of test specimens shall be licensed by the manu-
instruments shall be mounted on the fastener specimen or facturer. Operators shall comply with ANSI Standard A 10.3
loading rod at a distance not more than 100 mm (4.0 in.) from requirements and local safety requirements.
the structural member surface, in order to minimize extraneous
7. Test Specimens
movements (hardware elongation) in the displacement mea-
surements. 7.1 Fastening System—The fastening system shall be rep-
5.2.2 Tests of a Group of Fasteners— Only one set of resentative of the type and lot to be used in field construction
instruments is required for a group of fasteners tested as a and shall include all accessory hardware normally required.
closely spaced cluster. The displacement to be used for the 7.2 Fastener Installation—The fasteners shall be installed
evaluation of the findings is the average deformation indicated using the manufacturer’s installation instructions and tools or,
by all instruments mounted symmetrically equidistant from the where specific deviation is justified, in accordance with ac-
center of the cluster. cepted field methods or to meet the requirements of the tests.
5.2.3 Shear Test (see Fig. 2)—A single dial gage, having a 7.3 Fastener Placement—All fasteners (types, sizes, em-
smallest division of not more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) or any bedment depths) to be used in a given installation shall either
suitable measurement device, such as an LVDT, or calibrated be tested individually or in groups of two or more at the
sensor of at least comparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be intended spacing. Fasteners shall be installed at distances equal
used to measure the displacement of the fastening system to or greater than those specified in Table 1 to preclude
relative to the structural member. The instrument shall be influences from adjacent fasteners or edges during testing.
positioned to measure displacement in the direction of the These distances are not to be considered minimum distances.
applied force. The displacement sensor shall be placed on the Tests shall be performed to determine minimum spacing and
structural member to allow the sensing element to be in direct edge distances.
contact with the fastener or be attached directly to the fastener. 7.4 Structural Member—The structural member in which
For tests on clusters of fasteners, the instrument shall lie in a the fastener is to be installed shall be representative of the
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E 1190 – 95 (2000)
TABLE 1 Fastener Spacing, s, and Edge Distance, c, to Preclude
is 15 % or greater, the fastener capacity shall be based on the
Influences on Fastener Performance
lowest test value for the original ten tests instead of increasing
Minimum Fastener
the sample size.
Minimum Edge Distance,
Shank Diameter, Spacing,
mm (in.)
8.2 All installed fasteners shall be tested regardless of
mm (in.) mm (in.)
fastener embedment, angle of installation, damage to the
Steel Concrete Steel Concrete
2.5to4.0 25 (1.0) 100 (4.0) 12 (0.5) 80 (3.2)†
structural member, or damage to the fastener. Fasteners that
(0.100 to 0.156)
cannot be tested, because they did not set at all, that is were not
4.1to5.0 25 (1.0) 130 (5.1) 12 (0.5) 90 (3.5)
(0.157 to 0.199) installed properly, shall be reported as invalid data points.
5.1to6.5 40 (1.6) 150 (5.9) 25 (1.0) 100 (4.0)
Invalid data points shall not be included when determining the
(0.200 to 0.250)
average ultimate test values.
† The value in parenthesis was corrected editorially
8.3 For developing minimum edge distances and fastener
spacings, the number of fasteners for each condition shall be at
least ten.
materials and configuration intended for field use. Concrete or
9. Procedure
masonry structural members do not have to be reinforced with
steel (Note 1). 9.1 Positioning of Loading System:
9.1.1 Tension Test—Position the loading system over the
NOTE 1—The location and orientation of reinforcement embedded in
fastener, such as shown in Fig. 1, in such a way that the test
concrete and masonry members may influence fastener capacity. Their
system supports are equidistant from the test fastener and
influence shall be evaluated if reinforcement is used.
spaced sufficiently apart as not to influence the test findings.
7.5 The concrete or masonry structural member thickness,
The failure plane of the fastening system shall not interact with
T, shall be sufficient to ensure that the installation and testing
the test system supports. Provide uniform contact between the
of the fastener will not crack or cause any other failure of the
surface of the structural member and the test system supports.
base material.
Position and attach the loading rod so that the load is applied
7.6 The length, L, and width, W, of concrete structural
through the center of a single fastener, as shown in Fig. 1,or
members shall ensure that no shear breakout or tension failure
through the centroid of a cluster of fasteners. Whenever a
spall intersects either the outside edges of the structural
loading plate is required in the testing of a cluster of fasteners,
member or the bearing contact points of the test frame.
make every effort to provide uniform loading of the individual
7.7 The edge distance, c, shall be as in Table 1 where the
fasteners of the cluster.
reactionbridgeinthesheartestset-upshowninFig.2provides
9.1.2 Shear Test—Position and fasten the structural member
a minimum 150-mm (5.9-in.) clearance along the edge of the
as shown in Fig. 2 in such a way that the test surface of the
concrete str
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