ASTM D5165-93(1999)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the gelation of a resin solution, ink varnish, or vehicle using a resin kettle.
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is provided.
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of rating or evaluating resin or vehicle gelability, and is applicable only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish industry viscometers.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5165 – 93 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin
Kettle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope build molecular weight or reacted with a gelling or crosslinking
agent (for example, organo-aluminum compounds) and exhib-
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the
its a pseudoplastic rheology.
gelation of a resin solution, ink varnish, or vehicle using a resin
3.1.2 pregel or pregel vehicle—the resin solution or vehicle
kettle.
components comprising the vehicle prior to the addition of
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable
gelling agent and viscosity adjusting solvent.
for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The terms “vehicle” and “varnish” are
provided.
commonly used interchangeably. Some vehicle and varnish
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of
chemists, however, may consider a varnish to be a vehicle that
rating or evaluating resin or vehicle gelability, and is applicable
undergoes a chemical reaction during a cooking cycle.
only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a
rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish
4. Summary of Practice
industry viscometers.
4.1 Prepare a pregel vehicle by dissolving all vehicle or
1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be
varnish components, or both, in a heated 1-L, resin kettle with
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
inert gas blanket.
for information only.
4.2 Add gellant solution into the pregel vehicle. Mix using
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the suggested stirring rate at the prescribed reaction tempera-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ture for 1 h.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Remove the vehicle from heat. Pour into a 1-qt can, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
allow the sample to sit overnight before testing.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles produc-
D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
tion reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel
D 1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids
2 vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc) in the user’s
by Bubble Time Method
2 equipment.
D 1725 Test Method for Viscosity of Resin Solutions
5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use
D 4040 Test Method for Viscosity of Printing Inks and
3 in preparing inks for press testing.
Vehicles by Falling Rod Viscometer
E 1 Specifications for ASTM Thermometers
6. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
6.1 Balance or Scale, accurate to 0.1 g .
3. Terminology
6.2 Resin Kettle, 1-L with 5-neck kettle head.
3.1 Definitions:
6.3 Electric Stirrer, equipped with speed control.
3.1.1 gel or gelled vehicle—any resin solution, or a more
6.4 Glass Stirring Rod.
complex blend of resins and alkyds that has been cooked to
6.5 Paddle, 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) in width.
6.6 Heating Mantle, to fit 1-L resin kettle.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
6.7 Electronic Temperature Control Device.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
6.8 Thermometer, with 15.24-cm (6-in.) immersion, and a
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
Current edition approved May 15, 1993. Published July 1993. range of 0 to 250°C, conforming to Specification E 1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
6.9 Inert Gas Blanket Source, (for example, nitrogen, car-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
bon dioxide).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
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D 5165
solution. If yes, record the time and the r/min of the stirrer (if
possible). If not, allow system to mix until all components are
dissolved.
8.6 After a homogeneous vehicle is obtained, reduce the
solution temperature to 120°C.
8.7 Add the desired quantity of gellant solution to the pregel
vehicle at a temperature of 120°C or below and mix thor-
oughly.
8.8 Raise reaction temperature to 160°C (or defined reaction
temperature), stirring at 380 to 420 r/min (if able to determine
stirring speed), and record time.
8.8.1 Hold at 160°C, or other reaction temperature, for 1 h,
with constant stirring.
8.9 After 1 h, or the prescribed reaction cycle, discontinue
heating.
8.10
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