ASTM D7113-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Place by the Electromagnetic Surface Contact Methods
Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Place by the Electromagnetic Surface Contact Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density or relative compaction of compacted bituminous mixtures.
The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes or at multiple locations across the mat to monitor changes in density.
The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Device calibration (correlation with other test methods) is required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. Section 6 of this test method describes a method that has proven to be acceptable for correlation.
Note 1—The personnel and equipment used in performing this test can be evaluated in accordance with Specification D 3666.
Note 2—Research and evaluation of devices used in this test method has been conducted. Reference is made to “Evaluation of Non-Nuclear Gauges to Measure Density of Hot-Mixed Asphalt Pavements,” a pooled fund study, Pedro Romero, Ph.D., P.E., July 2002.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the in-place density and relative compaction of bituminous concrete pavement paving mixtures by an electromagnetic surface contact device by measuring changes in the electromagnetic field resulting from the compaction process.
1.2 The equipment referenced in this method is a surface contact device, which must accommodate surface moisture and temperature variation in the range typically encountered in paving applications. This can be accomplished by design parameters that reduce the devices sensitivity to surface moisture and temperature variation or by measurements and algorithms to account for surface moisture and temperature variance in the rolling pattern.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D7113–05
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Place by the
Electromagnetic Surface Contact Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7113; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-
tures for Laboratory Testing
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining
D 6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
the in-place density and relative compaction of bituminous
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic
concrete pavement paving mixtures by an electromagnetic
Vacuum Sealing Method
surface contact device by measuring changes in the electro-
magnetic field resulting from the compaction process.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The equipment referenced in this method is a surface
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nonde-
contact device, which must accommodate surface moisture and
structive technique for determining the in-place density or
temperature variation in the range typically encountered in
relative compaction of compacted bituminous mixtures.
paving applications. This can be accomplished by design
3.2 The test method can be used to establish the proper
parameters that reduce the device’s sensitivity to surface
rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
moisture and temperature variation or by measurements and
3.3 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive
algorithms to account for surface moisture and temperature
measurements to be made at a single test location between
variance in the rolling pattern.
roller passes or at multiple locations across the mat to monitor
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
changes in density.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4 The density results obtained by this test method are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relative. Device calibration (correlation with other test meth-
priate safety and health practices prior to use.
ods) is required to convert the results obtained using this
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
method to actual density. Section 6 of this test method
standard.
describes a method that has proven to be acceptable for
2. Referenced Documents correlation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The personnel and equipment used in performing this test can
D 1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
be evaluated in accordance with Specification D 3666.
NOTE 2—Research and evaluation of devices used in this test method
ofCompactedBituminousMixturesUsingParaffin-Coated
has been conducted. Reference is made to “Evaluation of Non-Nuclear
Specimens
Gauges to Measure Density of Hot-Mixed Asphalt Pavements,” a pooled
D 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
fund study, Pedro Romero, Ph.D., P.E., July 2002.
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction
4. Interferences
Materials
4.1 Electromagnetic force fields such as high-tension power
D 3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements forAgen-
lines, or large metal objects in close proximity may interfere
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
with the device reading.
4.2 The chemical composition of the material being tested
may significantly affect the measurement and adjustments may
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
be necessary. The device can be calibrated to the specific mix
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
design being used in the field.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005.
4.3 The test method exhibits spatial bias in that the device is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM most sensitive to the density of the material in closest prox-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
imity to the sensor.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7113–05
4.4 The surface texture of the material being tested may 6.4.5 Averagealldevicereadings.Averageallcoremeasure-
cause lower than actual density determination. ments. Compare these values to determine a device offset.
4.5 Oversize aggregate particles in the sensor path may
6.4.6 Offsetthedevicereadingtoreflectthevaluederivedin
cause variations in density determination.
step 6.4.5.
4.6 The actual sample volume varies with the apparatus and
the density of the material. In general, the higher the density
7. Procedure of Operation
the smaller the volume ( see Note 3).
7.1 The device should be turned on sufficiently in advance
NOTE 3—The volume of field compacted material represented by a test
of taking any readings to allow the device to stabilize.
can effectively be increased by repeating the test at adjacent locations and
7.2 Standardize the device using the manufacturer’s proce-
averaging the results.
dures as described in the device operation manual.
5. Apparatus
7.3 Select a test location in accordance with the project
specifications,or,ifnototherwisespecified,inaccordancewith
5.1 Electronic Sensing Device—An electronic counting de-
Practice D 3665.
vice, capable of being seated on the surface of the material
under test, and which meets the outline below:
7.4 Ensure that no sources of electromagnetic interference
5.1.1 The device shall be housed in an enclosure of heavy- suchashigh-tensionpowerlinesorlargemetalobjectsarenear
duty construction and designed for taking in-situ density
the immediate vicinity of the device.
measurements of bituminous paving mixtures.
7.5 For best results, avoid surfaces with large temperature
5.1.2 The device shall function in the mat temperature and
extremes.
moisture levels experienced during the placement of hot
7.6 The following procedure may be used to determine the
bituminous paving mixtures.
required number of roller passes:
5.1.3 The device shall include the internal circuitry suitable
7.6.1 Measure and record readings on the un-compacted
for displaying individual measurements to allow operators to
mixture exiting the screed.
record the readings.
7.6.2 After each roller pass, measure and record the com-
5.1.4 Thedeviceshallincludeacontinuousreadingmodeof
paction readings.
operatio
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