ASTM D3701-01(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.
Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 for the determination of hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The preferred units are mass percent hydrogen.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3701 − 01 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low
Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3701; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 2006)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydro-
Petroleum Products
gen content of aviation turbine fuels.
D4808 Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 for the determination of
Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by
hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.
Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectros-
copy
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The preferred units are mass percent hydrogen.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 A sample of the material is compared in a continuous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wave, low-resolution, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrom-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
eter with a reference standard sample of a pure hydrocarbon.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The results from the integrator on the instrument are used as a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
means of comparing the theoretical hydrogen content of the
warning statement, see 6.1.
standard with that of the sample, the result being expressed as
the hydrogen content (percent mass basis) in the sample.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and
traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as
Aviation Turbine Fuel
smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index,
D1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation
aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method
D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the
quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on content of the fuel.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
4.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3701–01(2006).
techniques.Themethodspecifiedprovidesaquick,simple,and
DOI: 10.1520/D3701-01R12.
more precise alternative to these methods.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3701 − 01 (2012)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer —A low-
resolution continuous-wave instrument capable of measuring a
nuclearmagneticresonanceofhydrogenatoms,andfittedwith:
5.1.1 Excitation and Detection Coil, of suitable dimensions
to contain the test cell.
5.1.2 Electronic Unit,tocontrolandmonitorthemagnetand
coil and containing:
5.1.2.1 Circuits, to control and adjust the radio frequency
level and audio frequency gain.
5.1.2.2 Integrating Counter, with variable time period in
seconds.
5.2 Conditioning Block—Ablock of aluminum alloy drilled
with holes of sufficient size to accommodate the test cells with
the mean height of the sample being at least 20 mm below the
top of the conditioning block (see Fig. 1).
5.3 Test Cells—Nessler-type tubes of approximately
100-mL capacity with a nominal external diameter of 34 mm
and a nominal internal diameter of 31 mm marked at a distance
ofapproximately51mmabovethebottomofthetubebyaring
around the circumference. The variation between the internal
diameters of the test cells used for the sample and reference
material should not be greater than 60.5 mm.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are nominal values in millimetres, unless the
tolerance limit is specified.
NOTE 1—To avoid potential difficulties with tightness when the test cell
FIG. 1 Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels
is introduced into the magnet coil, users are cautioned to avoid test cells
that have nominal external diameters that are greater than 34.2 mm.
5.4 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Plugs for Closing Test
Cells—Plugs as shown in Fig. 1 made from pure PTFE and a
8. Preparation of Apparatus
tight fit in the test cells.
8.1 Read the following instructions in conjunction with the
5.5 Insertion Rod—A metal rod with a threaded end as
manufacturer’s handbook. Preparation of the instrument is not
shown in Fig. 1 for inserting and removing PTFE plugs from
critical but take care to prevent rapid temperature fluctuations
test cells.
of the instrument and the conditioning block, for example,
5.6 Analytical Balance—Top pan type, capable of weighing
avoid them from direct sunlight or from drafts.
the test cells in an upright position to an accuracy of 60.01 g.
8.2 The results obtained during the use of the equipment are
6. Materials susceptible to error arising from changes in the magnetic
environment. Exercise care to ensure that there is a minimum
6.1 Reference Standard—Dodecane, 99 mass % minimum
of magnetic material in the immediate vicinity of the equip-
purity (Warning—Flammable).
ment and that this be kept constant throughout the course of a
7. Sampling series of determinations.
7.1 Take a homogenous sample in accordance with Practice
8.3 Set the instrument controls to the following conditions:
D4057.
NOTE 2—On new NMR instruments with variable gates the gate should
be set at 1.5 gauss to comply with nonvariable gate instruments.
This test method has been written around the Newport Analyzer Mark IIIF
Radio frequency level 20 µA
(Oxford Analytical Instruments, Ltd., Oxford, England) and the details of the test
Audio frequency gain 500 on dial
method should be read in conjunction with the manufacturer’s handbook.
Integration time 128 s
This particular instrument was the only instrument available when the precision
8.4 Switchonthemainsupplytothespectrometerandallow
program was carried out. Any similar instrument would be accepted into the above
it to warm up for at least 1 h.
method provided the new instrument was adequately correlated and proved to be
statistically similar. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
8.5 Place a test cell containing sample in the coil and adjust
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
the tuning of the instrument until the two resonance curves on
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
you may attend.
the oscilloscope are coincident. This set
...
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