ASTM D4809-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The heat of combustion is a measure of the energy available from a fuel. A knowledge of this value is essential when considering the thermal efficiency of equipment for producing either power or heat.
5.2 The mass heat of combustion, that is, the heat of combustion per unit mass of fuel, is measured by this procedure. Its magnitude is particularly important to weight-limited vehicles such as airplanes, surface effect vehicles, and hydrofoils as the distance such craft can travel on a given weight of fuel is a direct function of the fuel's mass heat of combustion and its density.
5.3 The volumetric heat of combustion, that is, the heat of combustion per unit volume of fuel, can be calculated by multiplying the mass heat of combustion by the density of the fuel (mass per unit volume). The volumetric heat of combustion, rather than the mass heat of combustion, is important to volume-limited craft such as automobiles and ships, as it is directly related to the distance traveled between refuelings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It is designed specifically for use with aviation turbine fuels when the permissible difference between duplicate determinations is of the order of 0.2 %. It can be used for a wide range of volatile and nonvolatile materials where slightly greater differences in precision can be tolerated.
1.2 In order to attain this precision, strict adherence to all details of the procedure is essential since the error contributed by each individual measurement that affects the precision shall be kept below 0.04 %, insofar as possible.
1.3 Under normal conditions, this test method is directly applicable to such fuels as gasolines, kerosines, Nos. 1 and 2 fuel oil, Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel, and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas turbine fuels.
1.4 Through the improvement of the calorimeter controls and temperature measurements, the precision is improved over that of Test Method D240.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 10.6, A1.7.1, and Annex A3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4809 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb
1
Calorimeter (Precision Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat of
combustionofhydrocarbonfuels.Itisdesignedspecificallyfor
2. Referenced Documents
use with aviation turbine fuels when the permissible difference
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between duplicate determinations is of the order of 0.2%. It
D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
can be used for a wide range of volatile and nonvolatile
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
materials where slightly greater differences in precision can be
D240Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-
tolerated.
drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
1.2 In order to attain this precision, strict adherence to all
D1018Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
details of the procedure is essential since the error contributed
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
by each individual measurement that affects the precision shall
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
be kept below 0.04%, insofar as possible.
Method)
1.3 Under normal conditions, this test method is directly D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
applicable to such fuels as gasolines, kerosines, Nos. 1 and 2 Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
fuel oil, Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel, and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, D3120Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
and 2-GT gas turbine fuels. Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
lometry
1.4 Through the improvement of the calorimeter controls
D3701Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation
and temperature measurements, the precision is improved over
Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic
that of Test Method D240.
Resonance Spectrometry
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4294Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
standard.
trometry
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5453Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D7171Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Dis-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed
For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 10.6, A1.7.1, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
and Annex A3.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- E144Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E200Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4809–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4809-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4809 − 18
3. Terminology 3
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4809 − 13 D4809 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb
1
Calorimeter (Precision Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It is designed specifically for use
with aviation turbine fuels when the permissible difference between duplicate determinations is of the order of 0.2 %. It can be
used for a wide range of volatile and nonvolatile materials where slightly greater differences in precision can be tolerated.
1.2 In order to attain this precision, strict adherence to all details of the procedure is essential since the error contributed by each
individual measurement that affects the precision shall be kept below 0.04 %, insofar as possible.
1.3 Under normal conditions, thethis test method is directly applicable to such fuels as gasolines, kerosines, Nos. 1 and 2 fuel
oil, Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel, and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas turbine fuels.
1.4 Through the improvement of the calorimeter controls and temperature measurements, the precision is improved over that
of Test Method D240.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, 10.6, A1.7.1, and Annex A3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectrometry
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D7171 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013July 1, 2018. Published May 2013August 2018. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
ε1
D4809 – 09aD4809 – 13. . DOI: 10.1520/D4809-13.10.1520/D4809-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4809 − 18
E
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