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ASTM D2581-96

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials

Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides for the identification of polybutylene plastics molding and extrusion materials in such manner that the manufacturer and the purchaser can agree on the acceptability of different lots or shipments. The tests involved in this specification are intended to provide information for identifying materials according to types and categories. It is not the function of this specification to provide specific engineering data for design purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1--ISO 8986 Part 1 and 2 resembles this standard in title, but the content is significantly different.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2581-01 - Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D2581-96 - Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion MaterialsASTM D2581-96 - Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
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ASTM D2581-96 - Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2581 – 96 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
tion by Attributes
1.1 This specification provides for the identification of
polybutylene plastics molding and extrusion materials in such
3. Terminology
manner that the manufacturer and the purchaser can agree on
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the acceptability of different lots or shipments. The tests
3.1.1 internal recycled material—clean rework material
involved in this specification are intended to provide informa-
generated from the manufacturer’s own resin production.
tion for identifying materials according to types and categories.
3.1.2 polybutylene plastics—plastics prepared by the poly-
It is not the function of this specification to provide specific
merization of no less than 85 % butene-1 and no less than 95 %
engineering data for design purposes.
of total olefins by weight.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Classification
only.
4.1 This specification recognizes that polybutylene plastics
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
are identified on the basis of two characteristics, that is, density
and flow rate. The former is the criterion for assignment as to
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
type, the latter for designation as to category.
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This
4.2 Types—This specification provides for two types of
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
polybutylene molding and extrusion materials in accordance
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
with the requirements in Table 1. Material supplied under these
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
types shall be of such nominal density, within the ranges given,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser
tions prior to use.
and subject to tolerances likewise agreed upon.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Categories—This specification provides for six grades
of polybutylene on the basis of flow rate ranges in accordance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical with the requirements of Table 2. Material supplied under these
grades shall be of such nominal flow rate, within the ranges
Insulating Materials for Testing
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics given, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser and subject to tolerances likewise agreed upon.
D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement 4.4 Classes—Each of the two types is subdivided into three
D 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by classes, according to use and composition, as follows:
4.4.1 Class A—General-purpose and dielectric, unpig-
Extrusion Plastometer
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density- mented.
4.4.2 Class B—General-purpose and dielectric, in colors
Gradient Technique
D 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics (including black and white).
4.4.3 Class C—Weather-resistant (black) containing not
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics less than 2 % carbon black. The carbon black shall be of a kind
and particle size (Note 1), and dispersed by such means and to
D 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating to
the Proper Use of Recycled Plastics such degree, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
2.2 Military Standard:
NOTE 2—Carbon black, 20 nm or less in average particle diameter, is
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on used, as required, in black electrical and jacketing materials to impart
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.12 on Olefin Plastics.
maximum weather resistance.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1996. Published October 1996. Originally
published as D 2581 – 67. Last previous edition D 2581 – 95.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
D 2581
TABLE 1 Classification of Polybutylene Molding and Extrusion
8. Number of Tests
Materials According to Type
8.1 One set of test specimens, as prescribed in the test
Type Density Range, kg/m
methods cited in Section 9, shall be considered sufficient for
I 0.905 to 0.909
testing each batch or lot. The average result for the specimens
II 0.910 to 0.920
tested shall conform to the requirements prescribed in this
II, colored and filled 0.920 to 0.940
specification.
TABLE 2 Classification of Polybutylene Molding and Extrusion
9. Test Methods
Materials According to Category
9.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall be
Category Flow Rate, g/10 min
determined in accordance with the following test methods:
0 <0.25
9.1.1 Conditioning— 2
...

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5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance, absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. The black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back of the specimen.4  
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SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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