ASTM D5514-94(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
Standard Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the stress/time properties of geosynthetics by using hydrostatic pressure to compress the geosynthetic over synthetic or natural test bases consisting of manufactured test pyramids/cones, rocks, soil or voids.
1.2 This test method allows the user to determine the relative failure mode, points of failure for geosynthetics, or both.
1.3 This test method offers two distinct procedures.
1.3.1 Procedure A incorporates manufactured test pyramids or cones as the base of the testing apparatus. Procedure A is intended to create comparable data between laboratories, and can be used as a guide for routine acceptance test for various materials.
1.3.2 Procedure B incorporates site specific soil or other material selected by the user as the test base of the testing apparatus. Procedure B is a method for geosynthetic design for a specific site.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5514–94 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
1.1 This test method evaluates the stress/time properties of
geosynthetics by using hydrostatic pressure to compress the
3. Terminology
geosynthetic over synthetic or natural test bases consisting of
3.1 Definitions:
manufactured test pyramids/cones, rocks, soil or voids.
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geomembranes, n—air main-
1.2 This test method allows the user to determine the
tained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature
relative failure mode, points of failure for geosynthetics, or
of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F).
both.
3.1.2 critical height (ch), n—the maximum exposed height
1.3 This test method offers two distinct procedures.
of a cone or pyramid that will not cause a puncture failure of
1.3.1 Procedure A incorporates manufactured test pyramids
a geosynthetic at a specified hydrostatic pressure for a given
or cones as the base of the testing apparatus. Procedure A is
period of time.
intended to create comparable data between laboratories, and
3.1.3 failure, n—in testing geosynthetics, water or air pres-
can be used as a guide for routine acceptance test for various
sure in the test vessel at failure of the geosynthetic.
materials.
3.1.4 hydrostatic pressure, n—a state of stress in which all
1.3.2 Procedure B incorporates site specific soil or other
the principal stresses are equal (and there is no shear stress), as
material selected by the user as the test base of the testing
in a liquid at rest; induced artificially by means of a gaged
apparatus. Procedure B is a method for geosynthetic design for
pressure system; the product of the unit weight of the liquid
a specific site.
and the difference in elevation between the given point and the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
free water elevation.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Procedure A:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This procedure is an index type test which can be used as a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
guide for acceptance of commercial shipments of geosynthet-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ics. The standard cone and pyramid test fixtures can establish
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
critical height (ch) consistency with similar material from
2. Referenced Documents previous lots or different suppliers, as well as testing from
other laboratories. However, due to the time required to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
perform tests, it is generally not recommended for routine
D 136 Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2 acceptance testing.
Aggregates
3 4.2 Procedure B:
D 751 Test Method for Coated Fabrics
4 This procedure is a performance test intended as a design aid
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
used to simulate the in-situ behavior of geosynthetics under
D 4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Strength
4 hydrostatic compression. This test method may assist a design
of Geomembranes by Wide Strip Tensile Method
engineer in comparing the ability of several candidate geosyn-
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
4 thetic materials to conform to a site specific subgrade under
Geosynthetics
specified use and conditions.
5. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
5.1 For safe operation, the test vessel should have an
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
branes.
appropriate ASME pressure rating. The maximum pressure
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994.
Discontinued—Replaced by C117.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5514–94 (2001)
NOTE 3—If testing a permeable geosynthetic without the support of a
rating of the vessel is dependent on the material being tested
geomembrane, a non-permeable sheet on the liquid medium side may be
and expected pressures to be encountered. Pressure can be
used, provided adjustments are made for the strength of the non-
achieved from a regulated air system or a hydraulic pump.
permeable sheet (that is, 0.4 mm latex).
5.2 Subgrade Pan, several removable pans for configuring
7.3 The test specimen should be free of any scratches, folds,
various subgrades. Subgrade pans are to be built, with a depth
or other abnormalities, unless the abnormality is the item of
of102mm(4in.),andwithdrainholesinthebottomofthepan
interest.
to allow the pressurizing medium to flow through. The sub-
7.4 Examine a total of three replicate test specimens.
grade pan shall be constructed of a suitable material to support
a load of 1800 kPa (250 psi).
8. Conditioning
5.3 Leak Detection System, can be designed by using
displacement floats, moisture sensor, pressure sensors, a sight
8.1 Expose the specimens to the standard atmosphere for
glass, or other means that will accurately detect failure.
testing geomembranes for a period long enough to allow the
5.4 Layout Grid, for procedure B, the layout grid is to assist
geomembranes to reach equilibrium with the standard atmo-
in determining deformation of the tested geosynthetic.The grid
sphere. Consider the specimen to be at moisture equilibrium
is placed flat against the test specimen that has been placed
when the change in mass of the specimen in successive
ready for testing. Depth readings will be taken in a prearranged
weighings made at intervals of not less than 2 h does not
pattern over the entire area of the test specimen. The prear-
exceed 0.1 % of the mass of the specimen. Consider the
ranged area that the geosynthetic displacement depth is
specimentobeattemperatureequilibriumafter1hofexposure
checked must remain consistent throughout the complete
to the standard atmosphere for testing.
testing. The depth is taken from the top of the grid to the
8.2 If the test is to simulate actual application, the test
surface of the test specimen. The layout grid is to be made of
specimen should be conditioned for at least 40 h in that
3 mm (0.12 inch) aluminum rod with a grid layout of 50 3 50
environment. If there is not a specific environment, then the
mm (2 3 2 in.).
conditioning should be in accordance with ASTM standard
5.5 Test Pyramids, the pyramid should be manufactured
conditioning for the material being tested. If no such standard
from aluminum or a hard plastic, i.e., epoxy or Lexan.
exists, state the conditioning procedure used.
5.6 Test Cones, cones are more consistent when manufac-
tured out of a hard plastic, that is, epoxy.
9. Procedure A
5.7 Temperature Probe, used to measure the test chamber
9.1 Placement of the Subgrade—First place a geotextile or
temperature as well as the liquid temperature (if applicable).
other fabric in the bottom of the subgrade pan. The geotextile
The accuracy of the temperature probe shall be 61°C.
is to be used to restrict movement of small particles of sand or
5.8 Support Bridge, used to support the center of the
rocks into the lower portion of the tester. Any geotextile or
subgrade pan to keep the pan from deflecting under load.
other fabric which has the capability of retaining the subgrade
5.9 Pressure Measurement Gages, should be in a series such
pan fill material and does not restrict the flow of the liquid
that each lower pressure can be closed off as its maximum safe
medium is adequate.
operation pressure is reached. The series of gages should be 0
NOTE 4—The use of any geotextile should not allow movement of the
to 210 kPa (0 to 30 psi), 0 to 690 kPa (0 to 100 psi), and 0 to
pyramids or
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