ASTM D4280-15
(Specification)Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
ABSTRACT
This specification covers extended life type, nonplowable, retroreflective raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and delineation. Pavement markers shall undergo tests to examine their conformance with specified construction, performance (retroreflectivity), and physical property (flexural strength, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, coefficient of luminous intensity, color, resistance to lens cracking, lens impact strength, and temperature cycling strength) requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and delineation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except where noted in the document. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4280 −15
Standard Specification for
Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective
1
Pavement Markers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D113Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
3
(Withdrawn 2016)
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective
D1785Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and
Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
delineation.
D3111Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
asthestandardexceptwherenotedinthedocument.Thevalues
D4402Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
that are provided for information only and are not considered
D5329Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied,
standard.
for Joints and Cracks in Asphalt Pavements and Portland
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Cement Concrete Pavements
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
ASTM Test Methods
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user E284Terminology of Appearance
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- Determine the Precision of a Test Method
tions prior to use.
E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- E809Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Retroreflectors
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the E811Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4
2.2 Federal Specifications:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
TT-T-291Thinner,Paint,MineralSpirits,RegularandOdor-
less
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.3 AASHTO Standards:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
AASHTO M237Epoxy ResinAdhesive for Bonding Traffic
D5Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Markers to Hardened Concrete
D36TestMethodforSofteningPointofBitumen(Ring-and-
Ball Apparatus)
3. Terminology
D71Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and
3.1 Definitions:
Asphalt (Displacement Method)
3.1.1 cleanability—the ability of a raised retroreflective
D92Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
marker to keep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and
Open Cup Tester
environmental conditions.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
3
Highway Traffic Control Materials. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4280–12. DOI: AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
10.1520/D4280-15. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.access.gpo.gov.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4280−15
3.1.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R —the ratio of the without abrasion resistant surface and with sufficient flexural
I
luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of strength for application to flexible pavement.
observation to the illuminance (E) at the retroreflector on a
plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light, 5. Ordering Information
expressed in candelas per lux (cd/lx) (se
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4280 − 12 D4280 − 15
Standard Specification for
Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective
1
Pavement Markers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and delineation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except where noted in the document. The values
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification:This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
D3111 Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
D4402 Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
D5329 Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and Portland Cement Concrete
Pavements
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors
E811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
3
2.2 Federal Specifications:
TT-T-291 Thinner, Paint, Mineral Spirits, Regular and Odorless
4
2.3 AASHTO Standards:
AASHTO M237 Epoxy Resin Adhesive for Bonding Traffic Markers to Hardened Concrete
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on Highway
Traffic Control Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Sept. 15, 2015. Published June 2012October 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as
D4280 – 08.D4280 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D4280-12.10.1520/D4280-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
4
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4280 − 15
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cleanability—the ability of a raised retroreflective marker to keep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and environmental
conditions.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R —the ratio of the luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of
I
observation to the illuminance (E) at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light, expressed in
candelas per lux (cd/lx) (see Practice E808 and Terminology E284).
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The values presented for the coefficient of luminous intensity are presented in SI units, which are the accepted
...
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