ASTM D3691-02(2008)
(Specification)Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics
Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1.
It should be recognized that fabric can be produced utilizing an almost infinite number of construction variables (e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical finished). Additionally, fashion and aesthetics dictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1.
Hence, no single performance specification can possibly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for this end-use.
The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements
Characteristics Knit and LaceSheer (woven)Foam Back, Stitch Bonded, and
Conventional Weights (woven)Section Breaking strength (load), (CRT method), in
both directionsA... 67 N (15 lbf), min89 N (20 lbf), min 5.1 Bursting strength (ball burst)A 138 kPa (20 lbf/in.2),
min ... ... 5.2 Tear strength (tongue tear), in both
directionsA...4.4 N (1 lbf), min6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 5.3 Dimensional change: After 5 launderings in both directions3.0 % max +0.0%3.0 % max 0.0%3.0 % max +0.0% 5.4.1 After 3 dry cleanings in both directions3.0 % max +0.0%3.0 % max +0.0%3.0 % max +0.0 % 5.4.2 Distortion of yarn: 1-lbf load...2.54 mm (0.1 in.),
max... 5.5 2-lbf load...... 2.54 mm (0.1 in.),
max Colorfastness to laundering:B Shade Change
StainingClass 4C min
Class 3D minClass 4C min
Class 3D minClass 4C min
Class 3D min 5.6.1 Colorfastness to dry cleaning: Shade changeClass 4C minClass 4C min Class 4C min 5.6.2 Burnt gas fumes, 2 cycles: Shade change
After 1 refurbishingClass 4C min
Class 4C min Class 4C min
Class 4C min Class 4C min
Class 4C min 5.6.3 Crocking: Dry
WetClass 4E min
Class 3E minClass 4E min
Class 3E minClass 4E ...
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers the requirements for all knit, lace, foam back, stitch-bonded, conventional weights, and sheer woven fabrics to be used in the manufacture of curtains and draperies.
1.2 This performance specification is applicable to all fabrics except those made of glass.
1.3 For those properties where fabric direction is pertinent, these requirements apply to the length and width directions for woven fabric and to both the wale and course directions for knit fabric.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3691 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery
Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1.1 This performance specification covers the requirements
2.2 AATCC Test Methods
for all knit, lace, foam back, stitch-bonded, conventional
8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method
weights,andsheerwovenfabricstobeusedinthemanufacture
16 Colorfastness to Light
of curtains and draperies.
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
1.2 This performance specification is applicable to all fab-
61 Colorfastness to Laundering Home and Commercial:
rics except those made of glass.
Accelerated
1.3 For those properties where fabric direction is pertinent,
116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter
these requirements apply to the length and width directions for
Method
woven fabric and to both the wale and course directions for
124 Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Launder-
knit fabric.
ing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
129 Colorfastness to Ozone in theAtmosphere Under High
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Humidities
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
132 Colorfastness to Dry Cleaning
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabric
2. Referenced Documents 172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laun-
dering
2.1 ASTM Standards:
187 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics:Accelerated
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
188 ColorfastnesstoSodiumHyperchloriteBleachinHome
D 231 Methods of Testing Tolerances for Knit Goods
Laundering
D 1336 Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven
Evaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color Change
Fabrics
Evaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for Staining
D 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
Evaluation Procedure 9 Visual Assessment of Color Differ-
Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) Apparatus
ence of Textiles
D 2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the
Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the
Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
D 2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
Apparel Fabrics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home
Furnishings. specification, refer to Terminology D 123 and to the Technical
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3691 – 02.
Colorists.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
on www.astm.org. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3691 – 02 (2008)
4. Significance and Use 5. Test Methods (Note 1)
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the
5.1 Breaking Force (Woven Fabrics Only)—Determine the
requirements listed in Table 1.
dry breaking force (load) as directed in the grab test procedure
4.2 It should be recognized that fabric can be produced
of Test Method D 5034, using a constant- rate- of -extension
utilizing an almost infinite number of construction variables
(CRE) tensile testing machine.
(e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers, yarn twist, yarn
NOTE 2—If preferred a constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing
number, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical fin-
machine may be used. There may be no overall correlation between the
ished). Additionally, fashion and aesthetics dictate that the
results obtained with the CRT machine and with the CRE machine.
ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made from
Consequently, these two breaking load testers cannot be used interchange-
fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table
ably. In case of controversy, the CRE method shall prevail.
1.
5.2 Bursting Pressure (Knit Fabrics Only)—Determine the
4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-
bursting strength of knit fabrics as directed in Methods D 231
blyapplytoallthevariousfabricsthatcouldbeutilizedforthis
using an approved type of diaphragm bursting tester or an
end-use.
4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties and approved type of CRT machine equipped with a bursting
test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the attachment as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
specified test methods. supplier.
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements
Foam Back, Stitch Bonded, and
Characteristics Knit and Lace Sheer (woven) Section
Conventional Weights (woven)
Breaking strength (load), (CRT method), in . 67 N (15 lbf), 89 N (20 lbf), min 5.1
A
both directions min
A 2
Bursting strength (ball burst) 138 kPa (20 lbf/in. ), . . 5.2
min
Tear strength (tongue tear), in both . 4.4 N (1 lbf), 6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 5.3
A
directions min
Dimensional change:
After 5 launderings in both directions 3.0 % max +0.0% 3.0 % max 3.0 % max +0.0% 5.4.1
0.0%
After 3 dry cleanings in both directions 3.0 % max +0.0% 3.0 % max 3.0 % max +0.0 % 5.4.2
+0.0%
Distortion of yarn:
1-lbf load . 2.54 mm (0.1 . 5.5
in.),
max
2-lbf load . . 2.54 mm (0.1 in.),
max
B
Colorfastness to laundering:
C C C
Shade Change Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.1
D D D
Staining Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Colorfastness to dry cleaning:
C C C
Shade change Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.2
Burnt gas fumes, 2 cycles:
C C C
Shade change Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.3
C C C
After 1 refurbishing Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
Crocking:
E E E
Dry Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.4
E E E
Wet Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
A C C C
Light (60 AATCC FU), xenon Step 4 min Step 4 min Step 4 min 5.6.5
C C C
Ozone, 1 cycle Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.6
F
Fabric appearance SA 3.5 min SA 3.0 min SA 3.5 min 5.7
Retention of hand, character, and No significant change No significant No significant change 5.8
appearance change
Durability of back coating No significant change No significant No significant change 5.9
change
Flammability pass pass pass 5.10
G
Light degradation . . . 5.11
A
There is more than one standard test method that can be used to me
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3691–02 Designation: D 3691 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery
Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This performance specification covers the requirements for all knit, lace, foam back, stitch-bonded, conventional weights,
and sheer woven fabrics to be used in the manufacture of curtains and draperies.
1.2 This performance specification is applicable to all fabrics except those made of glass.
1.3 For those properties where fabric direction is pertinent, these requirements apply to the length and width directions for
woven fabric and to both the wale and course directions for knit fabric.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 231 Methods of Testing Tolerances for Knit Goods
D 1336 Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven Fabrics
D 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elemendorf)(Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
D 2261 TestMethodforTearingStrengthofFabricsbytheTongue(SingleRip)Procedure(Constant-Rate-of-ExtensionTensile
Testing Machine)
D 2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
D2905Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
2.2 AATCC Test Methods
8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method
16 Colorfastness to Light
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
61 Colorfastness to Laundering Home and Commercial: Accelerated
116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
124 Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Laundering
129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High Humidities
132 Colorfastness to Dry Cleaning
135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabric
172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering
187 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics:Accelerated
188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hyperchlorite Bleach in Home Laundering
Evaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color Change
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home
Furnishings .
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally published as D3691–78. Last previous edition D3691–95a(2001).
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3691 – 02.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3691 – 02 (2008)
Evaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for Staining
Evaluation Procedure 9 Visual Assessment of Color Difference of Textiles
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the permanent part of the designation ofASTM,AATCC, or other test methods. The
current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology D 123 and to the Technical Manual of
the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1.
4.2 It should be recognized that fabric can be produced utilizing an almost infinite number of construction variables (e.g., type
of fibers, percentage of fibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical finished). Additionally,
fashion and aesthetics dictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made from fabrics that do not conform to
all of the requirements in Table 1.
4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possibly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for this
end-use.
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements
Foam Back, Stitch Bonded, and
Characteristics Knit and Lace Sheer (woven) Section
Conventional Weights (woven)
Breaking strength (load), (CRT method), in . 67 N (15 lbf), 89 N (20 lbf), min 5.1
A
both directions min
A 2
Bursting strength (ball burst) 138 kPa (20 lbf/in. ), . . 5.2
min
Tear strength (tongue tear), in both . 4.4 N (1 lbf), 6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 5.3
A
directions min
Dimensional change:
After 5 launderings in both directions 3.0 % max +0.0% 3.0 % max 3.0 % max +0.0% 5.4.1
0.0%
After 3 dry cleanings in both directions 3.0 % max +0.0% 3.0 % max 3.0 % max +0.0 % 5.4.2
+0.0%
Distortion of yarn:
1-lbf load . 2.54 mm (0.1 . 5.5
in.),
max
2-lbf load . . 2.54 mm (0.1 in.),
max
B
Colorfastness to laundering:
C C C
Shade Change Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.1
D D D
Staining Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Colorfastness to dry cleaning:
C C C
Shade change Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.2
Burnt gas fumes, 2 cycles:
C C C
Shade change Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.3
C C C
After 1 refurbishing Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
Crocking:
E E E
Dry Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.4
E E E
Wet Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
A C C C
Light (60 AATCC FU), xenon Step 4 min Step 4 min Step 4 min 5.6.5
C C C
Ozone, 1 cycle Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min 5.6.6
F
Fabric appearance SA 3.5 min SA 3.0 min SA 3.5 min 5.7
Retention of hand, character, and No significant change No significant No significant change 5.8
appearance change
Durability of back coating No significant change No significant No significant change 5.9
change
Flammability pass pass pass 5.10
G
Light degradation . . . 5.11
A
There is more than one standard test method that can be used to measure breaking strength, bursting strength, tear strength, and lightfastness. These test methods
cannot be used interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them (see Note 2, Note 3, Note 4, Note 5, and Note 9).
B
Class in colorfastness and SA rating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change,
color transfer, or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.
C
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
D
AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.
E
AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
F
For durable-press fabrics only.
G
The development of a standard method has been referred to the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
...
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