ASTM D4151-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flammability of Blankets
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Blankets
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the determination of the flammability of blankets is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of blankets since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate fabrics used in electric blankets without the resistance heating wires.
5.3 Fabrics are potentially combustible. Some fabrics when used for blankets are potentially dangerous to the user depending on the ease of ignition, rapidity, and intensity of burning. This test method addresses some of these characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4151 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Flammability of Blankets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the
D1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
surface.
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in
Textiles
the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 3
2.2 AATCC Standard:
1972.
M11 Glossary of AATCC Standard Terminology
2.3 Federal Specification:
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the
4
NNN-P-40b
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
ISO 13943 Fire safety
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
3. Terminology
actual fire conditions.
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610,
Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission blanket, flammability, ignition.
regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the
3.1.1 For terms related to burning behavior of textiles, see
requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
Terminology D4391.
3.1.2 For definitions related to textiles, see Terminology
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
D123 and AATCC M11. In case of conflict, the terminology in
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
D123 will prevail.
conducting these tests.
3.2 For terminology related to fire issues other than burning
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
behavior of textiles, see Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
case of conflict, the terminology in E176 will prevail.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Specimens cut from the blanket fabric are prepared by
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
brushing if they have a raised fiber surface and by drying. The
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://
www.aatcc.org.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094,
5
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4151-18. DOI: Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
10.1520/D4151-23. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4151 − 23
dried specimen is held in a special apparatus, a standardized 6.1.1.2 Electronic Counter (digital clock reading to 0.01 s),
flame is applied to the surface for a specified time under started by a switch that is activated by the burner mechanism
controlled conditions, and burning, charring, or discoloratio
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4151 − 18 D4151 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Flammability of Blankets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used
by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations
require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
3
2.2 AATCC Standard:
M11 Glossary of AATCC Standard Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018Aug. 1, 2023. Published February 2018September 2023. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20102018
as D4151-10. DOI: 10.1520/D4151-18.-18. DOI: 10.1520/D4151-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://www.aatcc.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4151 − 23
2.3 Federal Specification:
4
NNN-P-40b
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 13943 Fire safety
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blanket, n—for bedding, an unquilted fabric covering designed primarily to provide thermal insulation.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Blankets may be made by any textile process from various types of fibers and may or may not have a raised fiber surface.
Construction may be woven, knitted, flocked, or nonwoven.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
Electric blankets include resistance heating wires and can provide heat as well as thermal insulation.
3.1.2 flammability, n—those characteristics of a material that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and relative ability to sustain
combustion.
NOTE 2—In this test, evidence of ignition is shown by discoloration, charring, or burning of the paper monitor.
3.1.3 ignition, n—initiation of combustion.
3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology The following terms are relevant to this
standard: blanket, flammability, ignition.D123.
3.1.1 For terms related to burning behavior of textiles, see Terminology D4391.
3.1.2 For definitions related to textiles, see Term
...
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