ASTM E1288-89(1994)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for The Durability of Biomass Pellets (Withdrawn 2003)
Standard Test Method for The Durability of Biomass Pellets (Withdrawn 2003)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative durability of biomass fuel pellets by tumbling and sieve analysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1288 – 89 (Reapproved 1994)
Standard Test Method for
The Durability of Biomass Pellets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 9-in.) plate is affixed symmetrically along one of its 229-mm
(9-in.) sides to a diagonal of one of the 304 by 304-mm (12 by
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative
12-in.) sides. A dust-tight door (or doors) may be placed in any
durability of biomass fuel pellets by tumbling and sieve
side. Projections shall be kept to a minimum and well rounded.
analysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Sampling
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 Place of Sampling:
only.
4.1.1 Sample pellets while they are being loaded into or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
unloaded from means of transportation or when they are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
discharged from storage bins or conveyors.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 2—Samples collected from surface of piles are, in general,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. unreliable because of the exposure to the environment. If necessary,
collect nine increments from a foot or more below the surface at nine
2. Referenced Documents
points covering the pile.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Collection of the Gross Sample:
D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
4.2.1 Collect increments regularly, systematically, and with
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
such frequency, so that the entire quantity of pellets sampled
D 2013 Method for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
will be represented proportionally in the gross sample.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
4.2.2 The quantity of the sample shall be large enough to be
poses
representative but not less than 45.45 kg (100 lb).
4.2.3 Sample reduction may be done by two methods, a
3. Apparatus
coning and dividing process, or by using a riffle.
3.1 Square Hole Woven-Wire Cloth Sieves, of the following
4.2.3.1 Coning and dividing reduction is accomplished by
sizes conforming to ASTM Specification E 11:
placing the gross sample on a sheet of rubber or oil cloth.
(1) 2.36 mm (No. 8)
Thoroughly mix it by raising first one corner of the cloth and
(2) 1.18 mm (No. 16)
then the other. After mixing, cone and quarter the sample.
(3) 600 μm (No. 30)
Continue the operation until the sample is reduced sufficiently
(4) 300 μm (No. 50)
so that one fourth of the coning sample weighs about 1 kg (2.2
(5) 150 μm (No. 100)
lb). This shall constitute a laboratory sample.
(6) 75 μm (No. 200)
NOTE 3—The operations of mixing, coning, and quartering, are de-
Optionally a seventh sieve, the next size opening smaller than
scribed and illustrated in Practice D 346.
the pellet diameter, can be included.
4.2.3.2 Riffle reduction is accomplished by using a standard
3.2 Air-Tight Gross Sample Containers, of a size as to
coal riffle. The gross sample is riffled repeatedly until one half
contain the sample (see Note 1).
of the riffle sample equals about 1 kg (2.2 lb) that will
NOTE 1—The containers need to be air tight so as to minimize changes
constitute a laboratory sample.
in the moisture content of the sample that may affect the test results.
Heavy plastic bags are ideal since they minimize trapped air. NOTE 4—Riffles and procedures are described in Method D 2013.
3.3 Metal or Glass Laboratory Containers, of such configu-
5. Procedure
ration as to facilitate the collection and weighing of samples
during testing.
3.4 Metal Tumbler, 304 by 304 and 127 mm, (12 in. by 12
TUMBLER TEST
in. and 5 in. deep), rotated about an axis perpendicular to and
5.1 Laboratory Sample:
centered in the 304-m
...
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