ASTM A541/A541M-05(2015)

Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components

ABSTRACT
This specification covers quenched and tempered carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components. Heat and product analyses shall be performed to evaluate material conformance with chemical composition requirements. Tension and Charpy V-notch tests shall also be carried out to assess material conformance with mechanical property requirements such as, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and Charpy value. Sampling of test specimens for mechanical examination shall be done by either one of four methods specified by the purchaser. Repair welding may also be made at the option of the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers requirements for quenched and tempered carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel components.  
1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it is presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in accordance with approved methods for the grade of material used.  
Note 1: Grades 1 and 1A have different chemistries but the same mechanical requirements.
Note 2: Designations have been changed as follows:    
Current  
Formerly  
Grade 1  
Class 1  
Grade 1A  
Class 1A  
Grade 1C  
Class 4  
Grade 2 Class 1  
Class 2  
Grade 2 Class 2  
Class 2A  
Grade 3 Class 1  
Class 3  
Grade 3 Class 2  
Class 3A  
Grade 4N Class 1  
Class 7  
Grade 4N Class 2  
Class 7A  
Grade 4N Class 3  
Class 7B  
Grade 5 Class 1  
Class 8  
Grade 5 Class 2  
Class 8A  
Grade 11 Class 4  
Class 11C  
Grade 22 Class 3  
Class 22B  
Grade 22 Class 4  
Class 22C  
Grade 22 Class 5  
Class 22D  
Grade 22V  
Class 22V  
Grade 3V  
Class 3V  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2015
• ICS: 77.140.30 - Steels for pressure purposes
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A541/A541M-05(2010) - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM A541/A541M-05(2020) - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2020
• Referred By: ASTM A788/A788M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A541/A541M −05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings
for Pressure Vessel Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA541/A541M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
1.1 This specification covers requirements for quenched
pound units.
and tempered carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure
vessel components.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
ispresupposedthatweldingprocedureandinspectionwillbein
Steel Forgings
accordance with approved methods for the grade of material
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
used.
of Steel Products
NOTE 1—Grades 1 and 1A have different chemistries but the same
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
mechanical requirements.
Forgings
NOTE 2—Designations have been changed as follows:
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
Current Formerly
quirements
Grade 1 Class 1
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
Grade 1A Class 1A
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-
Grade 1C Class 4
Grade 2 Class 1 Class 2 ritic Steels
Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2A
Grade 3 Class 1 Class 3
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3A
Grade 4N Class 1 Class 7
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
Grade 4N Class 2 Class 7A
Grade 4N Class 3 Class 7B
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with
Grade 5 Class 1 Class 8
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing that locates areas of
Grade 5 Class 2 Class 8A
significant loading in the forging (when required); the method
Grade 11 Class 4 Class 11C
Grade 22 Class 3 Class 22B
of selecting test locations (see 6.2); purchase option (if any) in
Grade 22 Class 4 Class 22C
accordance with 9.1, and any supplementary requirements
Grade 22 Class 5 Class 22D
desired.
Grade 22V Class 22V
Grade 3V Class 3V
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard.
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets.
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
tional supplementary requirements.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
formance with the specification.
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A541/A541M – 05 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0541_A0541M-05R15. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-541/SA-541M in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A541/A541M−05 (2015)
4. Chemical Composition reaustenitize, and again liquid quenched. On completion of the
austenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be tempered
4.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
at a subcritical temperature as described in 5.1.
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
comply with Table 1 except that the additional features of
6. Mechanical Properties
Supplementary Requirements S8, S9, S10, S12, and S15 shall
alsoapplyasindividuallyspecifiedintheorderinginformation. 6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to
the requirements of Table 2.The forgings shall also conform to
4.2 ProductAnalysis—The manufacturer shall use the prod-
the requirements of Table 3 unless either Supplementary
uct analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain
Requirement S6 or S13 is specified, in which case the
a product analysis from a forging representing each heat or
requirements of those sections shall apply. The largest obtain-
multiple heat. The permissible variations of Table 1 of Speci-
able tension test specimen as specified in Fig. 4 of Test
fication A788/A788M do not apply to carbon, phosphorus,
Methods and Definitions A370 shall be used. Impact speci-
silicon,andsulphurforallclasses,vanadiumforGrade1C,and
mens shall be Charpy V-notch, as shown in Fig. 10 of Test
columbium and calcium for Grades 22V and 3VCb. Boron is
Methods and Definitions A370. The usage of subsize impact
not subject to product analysis. The purchaser may also make
specimens due to material limitations must have prior pur-
this determination in accordance with Specification A788/
chaser approval.
A788M.
6.2 Sampling—The longitudinal axis and mid-length of
5. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties
tension and impact test specimens shall be positioned in
5.1 After complete austenitization, the forgings shall be accordance with one of the following methods as specified by
quenched in a suitable liquid medium by spraying or immer- the purchaser:
sion. For Grade 22V forgings, the minimum austenitizing 6.2.1 Method 1—This method shall always be used when
temperature shall be 1650°F [900°C]. Quenching shall be the maximum quenched thickness does not exceed 2 in. [50
followed by tempering at a subcritical temperature and holding mm]. Specimens shall be located in the production forging or
at this temperature for a minimum time of ⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] of test forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and at
maximumsectionthickness.Minimumtemperingtemperatures least 2 in. from other quenched surfaces.
shall be: 6.2.2 Method 2—t by 2t, where t is the distance from the
area of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenched
Grade °F [°C]
surface. However, the specimens shall not be nearer to one
1, 1A, 2 Class 2, 3 Class 2 1150 [620]
quenched surface than ⁄4 in. [20 mm] and to the second
2, 3 Class 1, 22 Class 3 1200 [650]
quenched surface than 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm]. When this method of
1C, 11 Class 4, 22 Class 4, 4N Class 1, 4N 1100 [595]
Class 2, 5 Class 1, 5 Class 2
testing is employed, forgings are usually manufactured in
22 Class 15 1050 [565]
accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing pre-
4N Class 3 1125 [605]
quenched dimensions and the location of mechanical test
3V, 3VCb 1250 [675]
22V 1250 [675]
specimens.
5.2 For Classes 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stage 6.2.3 Method 3— ⁄4 T by T, where T is the maximum
austenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging is thickness of the forging as heat treated. Where this method of
first fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed by testing is employed, the following limitations for as-treated
reheating within the intercritical temperature range to partially thickness shall apply, unless otherwise agreed upon:
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition, %
Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1C Grade 11 Grade 22 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 3V Grade 22 Grade 22V Grade
Class 4 Classes 4 Class 3 3VCb
and 5
Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.18 max 0.10–0.20 0.05–0.15 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.10–0.15 0.11–0.15 0.11–0.15 0.10-0.15
Manganese 0.40–0.90 0.70–1.35 0.50–0.90 1.20–1.50 1.30 max 0.30–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30-0.60
Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.020 max
Sulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.010 max 0.010 max
A
Silicon 0.35 max 0.40 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.50–1.00 0.50 max 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.10 max 0.10 max
Nickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.50–1.00 0.40–1.00 0.25 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 2.8–3.9 2.8–3.9 . . . 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max
Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25–0.45 0.25 max 0.15 max 1.00–1.50 2.00–2.50 1.25–2.00 1.25–2.00 2.8–3.3 2.00–2.50 2.00–2.50 2.7-3.3
Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.55–0.70 0.45–0.60 0.05 max 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.10 0.40–0.60 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10 0.90-1.10
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.02–0.12 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.20–0.30 0.02 max 0.25–0.35 0.20-0.30
Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.035 . . . 0.030 max 0.015 max
Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.003 . . . 0.0020 max . . .
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max 0.25 max
Columbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 max 0.015-0.070
B
Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015 max 0.0005-
0.0150
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required for the classes included in Supplementary Requirements S10, the silicon content shall be 0.10 % max.
B
For Grade 22V, rare earth metals (REM) may be added in place of calcium, subject to agreement between the producer and the purchaser. In that case the total amount
of REM shall be determined and reported.
A541/A541M−05 (2015)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Grades 2 Grade 2 Grade 4N Grades 4N
Class 1, Class 2 and Class 1 and Class 2 and
Grade 1 Grade 22 Grade 22 Grade 4N Grades 3V Grade 22 Grade
3 Class 1, Grade 3 Grade 5 5 Class 2
and 1A Class 4 Class 5 Class 3 and 22V Class 3 3VCb
1C and Class 2 Class 1
11 Class 4
Tensile strength, ksi 70–95 80–105 90–115 105–130 115–140 105–130 115–140 90–115 85–110 85–110 85–110
[MPa] [485–655] [550–725] [620–795] [725–895] [795–965] [725–895] [795–965] [620–795] [585–760] [585–760] [585-760]
Yield strength (0.2 % 36 [250] 50 [345] 65 [450] 85 [585] 100 [690] 85 [585] 100 [690] 70 [485] 60 [415] 55 [380] 60 [415]
offset), min, ksi
[MPa]
Elongation in 2 in. or 20 18 16 16 15 18 16 20 18 18 18
50 mm, min, %
Reduction of area, 38 38 35 45 40 48 45 48 45 45 45
min, %
A,B
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements at 40°F (4°C) (Except for 2A)
Grades 1, Grade 2 Grade 2 Grade 22 Grades 22 Grades 3V and 3VCb,
1A, and Class 2 Class 1, Class 5 CL 4 4N Grade 22,
11 Class 4 and 3 3 Class 1 Classes 1, 2, 3 Class 3
Class 2 and 1C 5 Classes 1, 2 and Grade 22V
D E
Minimum average value of set of three specimens, 15 [20] 35 [47] 30 [41] 25 [34] 35 [47] 40 [54]
C
ft·lbf (J)
D E
Minimum value of one specimen, ft·lbf (J) 10 [14] 30 [41] 25 [34] 20 [27] 30 [41] 35 [47]
A
These Charpy values are for tests made on standard 10-mm square specimens. If sub-size impact specimens are used, the required minimum ft·lbf values shall be
5 2
determined by multiplying the ft·lbf values in Table 3 by ⁄6 for 7.5 by 10-mm specimens, and by ⁄3 for 5 by 10-mm specimens.
B
These values apply for tests at lower temperatures if Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified in the order.
C
Not more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.
D
Tested at 70°F [21°C].
E
Tested at 0°F [−18°C].
magnetic particle test to ensure freedom from cracks unless the
Grade in. [1 mm], max
welded areas are completely removed by subsequent machin-
1 and 1A 3 [75]
ing.
2 Class 2 and 3 Class 2 6 [150]
2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 8 [200]
6.4 Samples shall be removed from forgings after the
1C 4 [100]
quenchingandtemperingheattreatments.Thissamplematerial
11 Class 4 5 [125]
22 Class 4, 4N Class 2, 5 Class 2 6 [150]
shall be subjected to a simulated post-weld heat treatment if
22 Class 5 8 [200]
Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified.
4N Class 1, 5 Class 1, 4N Class 3, 3V, 3VCb, 22V, 10 [250]
and 22 Class 3
6.5 Orientation—For upset disk forgings, the longitudinal
6.2.4 Method 4—Test specimens shall be taken from a
axis of all test specimens shall be oriented in the tangential
representative separate test forging or bar made from the same
direction. For all other forgings, the longitudinal axis of the
heat of steel, which shall receive substantially the same
specimens shall be oriented in the direction of maximum
reduction and type of hot working as the production forgings
working of the forging unless Supplementary Requirements
that it represents, except that a longitudinally forged bar may
S11 or S14 are imposed.
be used to represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. It
6.6 Number of Tests:
shall be of the same nominal thickness as the as-quenched
production forgings and shall be heat treated in the same 6.6.1 Forgings under 500 lb [230 kg]As Treated—For
furnacechargeandunderthesameconditionsastheproduction duplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb [230 kg] as
forgings. Test specimens shall be removed using the ⁄4 T by T treated, one tension test and one impact test (three specimens)
procedure referenced in Method 3 with the same limitation on shall be made to represent each heat in each heat-treatment
forging thickness as in 6.2.3. This method shall be limited to charge. When heat treatment is performed in continuous-type
forgings with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000 furnaces with suitable temperature control and equipped with
lb [450 kg]. recording pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment records
are available, a heat-treatment charge shall be considered as
6.3 Metal Buffers—The required distances from quenched
any continuous run not exceeding an 8-h duration.
surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral
6.6.2 Forgings weighing 500 to 10 000 lb [230 to 4500
extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel,
kg]As-Heat Treated—One tension and one impact test (3
and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration
specimens) shall be made for each forging.
weldthatsea
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A541/A541M − 05 (Reapproved 2010) A541/A541M − 05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings
for Pressure Vessel Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A541/A541M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for quenched and tempered carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure vessel
components.
1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it is
presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in accordance with approved methods for the grade of material used.
NOTE 1—Grades 1 and 1A have different chemistries but the same mechanical requirements.
NOTE 2—Designations have been changed as follows:
Current Formerly
Grade 1 Class 1
Grade 1A Class 1A
Grade 1C Class 4
Grade 2 Class 1 Class 2
Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2A
Grade 3 Class 1 Class 3
Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3A
Grade 4N Class 1 Class 7
Grade 4N Class 2 Class 7A
Grade 4N Class 3 Class 7B
Grade 5 Class 1 Class 8
Grade 5 Class 2 Class 8A
Grade 11 Class 4 Class 11C
Grade 22 Class 3 Class 22B
Grade 22 Class 4 Class 22C
Grade 22 Class 5 Class 22D
Grade 22V Class 22V
Grade 3V Class 3V
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the
text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
specification.
1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound
units.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010March 1, 2015. Published December 2010March 2015. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as A541/A541M – 05.A541/A541M – 05 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0541_A0541M-05R10. 10.1520/A0541_A0541M-05R15.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-541/SA-541M in Section II of that Code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A541/A541M − 05 (2015)
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with the inquiry
and order a detailed drawing that locates areas of significant loading in the forging (when required); the method of selecting test
locations (see 6.2); purchase option (if any) in accordance with 9.1, and any supplementary requirements desired.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
4. Chemical Composition
4.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply with
Table 1 except that the additional features of Supplementary Requirements S8, S9, S10, S12, and S15 shall also apply as
individually specified in the ordering information.
4.2 Product Analysis—The manufacturer shall use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a
product analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat. The permissible variations of Table 1 of Specification
A788/A788M do not apply to carbon, phosphorus, silicon, and sulphur for all classes, vanadium for Grade 1C, and columbium
and calcium for Grades 22V and 3VCb. Boron is not subject to product analysis. The purchaser may also make this determination
in accordance with Specification A788/A788M.
5. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties
5.1 After complete austenitization, the forgings shall be quenched in a suitable liquid medium by spraying or immersion. For
Grade 22V forgings, the minimum austenitizing temperature shall be 1650°F [900°C]. Quenching shall be followed by tempering
at a subcritical temperature and holding at this temperature for a minimum time of ⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] of maximum section thickness.
Minimum tempering temperatures shall be:
Grade °F [°C]
1, 1A, 2 Class 2, 3 Class 2 1150 [620]
2, 3 Class 1, 22 Class 3 1200 [650]
1C, 11 Class 4, 22 Class 4, 4N Class 1, 4N 1100 [595]
Class 2, 5 Class 1, 5 Class 2
22 Class 15 1050 [565]
4N Class 3 1125 [605]
3V, 3VCb 1250 [675]
22V 1250 [675]
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition, %
Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1C Grade 11 Grade 22 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 3V Grade 22 Grade 22V Grade
Class 4 Classes 4 Class 3 3VCb
and 5
Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.18 max 0.10–0.20 0.05–0.15 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.10–0.15 0.11–0.15 0.11–0.15 0.10-0.15
Manganese 0.40–0.90 0.70–1.35 0.50–0.90 1.20–1.50 1.30 max 0.30–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30-0.60
Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.020 max
Sulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.010 max 0.010 max
A
Silicon 0.35 max 0.40 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.50–1.00 0.50 max 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.10 max 0.10 max
Nickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.50–1.00 0.40–1.00 0.25 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 2.8–3.9 2.8–3.9 . . . 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max
Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25–0.45 0.25 max 0.15 max 1.00–1.50 2.00–2.50 1.25–2.00 1.25–2.00 2.8–3.3 2.00–2.50 2.00–2.50 2.7-3.3
Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.55–0.70 0.45–0.60 0.05 max 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.10 0.40–0.60 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10 0.90-1.10
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.02–0.12 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.20–0.30 0.02 max 0.25–0.35 0.20-0.30
Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.035 . . . 0.030 max 0.015 max
Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.003 . . . 0.0020 max . . .
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max 0.25 max
Columbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 max 0.015-0.070
B
Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015 max 0.0005-
0.0150
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required for the classes included in Supplementary Requirements S10, the silicon content shall be 0.10 % max.
B
For Grade 22V, rare earth metals (REM) may be added in place of calcium, subject to agreement between the producer and the purchaser. In that case the total amount
of REM shall be determined and reported.
A541/A541M − 05 (2015)
5.2 For Classes 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stage austenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging is first fully
austenitized and liquid quenched, followed by reheating within the intercritical temperature range to partially reaustenitize, and
again liquid quenched. On completion of the austenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be tempered at a subcritical
temperature as described in 5.1.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to the requirements of Table 2. The forgings shall also conform to the
requirements of Table 3 unless either Supplementary Requirement S6 or S13 is specified, in which case the requirements of those
sections shall apply. The largest obtainable tension test specimen as specified in Fig. 4 of Test Methods and Definitions A370 shall
be used. Impact specimens shall be Charpy V-notch, as shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods and Definitions A370. The usage of
subsize impact specimens due to material limitations must have prior purchaser approval.
6.2 Sampling—The longitudinal axis and mid-length of tension and impact test specimens shall be positioned in accordance
with one of the following methods as specified by the purchaser:
6.2.1 Method 1—This method shall always be used when the maximum quenched thickness does not exceed 2 in. [50 mm].
Specimens shall be located in the production forging or test forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and at least 2 in.
from other quenched surfaces.
6.2.2 Method 2—t by 2t, where t is the distance from the area of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenched surface.
However, the specimens shall not be nearer to one quenched surface than ⁄4 in. [20 mm] and to the second quenched surface than
1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm]. When this method of testing is employed, forgings are usually manufactured in accordance with a
purchaser-approved drawing showing pre-quenched dimensions and the location of mechanical test specimens.
6.2.3 Method 3— ⁄4T by T, , where T is the maximum thickness of the forging as heat treated. Where this method of testing is
employed, the following limitations for as-treated thickness shall apply, unless otherwise agreed upon:
Grade in. [1 mm], max
1 and 1A 3 [75]
2 Class 2 and 3 Class 2 6 [150]
2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 8 [200]
1C 4 [100]
11 Class 4 5 [125]
22 Class 4, 4N Class 2, 5 Class 2 6 [150]
22 Class 5 8 [200]
4N Class 1, 5 Class 1, 4N Class 3, 3V, 3VCb, 10 [250]
22V, and 22 Class 3
4N Class 1, 5 Class 1, 4N Class 3, 3V, 3VCb, 22V, 10 [250]
and 22 Class 3
6.2.4 Method 4—Test specimens shall be taken from a representative separate test forging or bar made from the same heat of
steel, which shall receive substantially the same reduction and type of hot working as the production forgings that it represents,
except that a longitudinally forged bar may be used to represent a rolled ring of similar cross section. It shall be of the same
nominal thickness as the as-quenched production forgings and shall be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the same
conditions as the production forgings. Test specimens shall be removed using the ⁄4 T by T procedure referenced in Method 3 with
the same limitation on forging thickness as in 6.2.3. This method shall be limited to forgings with a rough machined weight of not
more than 1000 lb [450 kg].
6.3 Metal Buffers—The required distances from quenched surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral
extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel, and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration weld that
seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be located at least ⁄2 in. [13 mm] from the buffered surface of the forging. Buffers shall
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Grades 2 Grade 2 Grade 4N Grades 4N
Class 1, Class 2 and Class 1 and Class 2 and
Grade 1 Grade 22 Grade 22 Grade 4N Grades 3V Grade 22 Grade
3 Class 1, Grade 3 Grade 5 5 Class 2
and 1A Class 4 Class 5 Class 3 and 22V Class 3 3VCb
1C and Class 2 Class 1
11 Class 4
Tensile strength, ksi 70–95 80–105 90–115 105–130 115–140 105–130 115–140 90–115 85–110 85–110 85–110
[MPa] [485–655] [550–725] [620–795] [725–895] [795–965] [725–895] [795–965] [620–795] [585–760] [585–760] [585-760]
Yield strength (0.2 % 36 [250] 50 [345] 65 [450] 85 [585] 100 [690] 85 [585] 100 [690] 70 [485] 60 [415] 55 [380] 60 [415]
offset), min, ksi
[MPa]
Elongation in 2 in. or 20 18 16 16 15 18 16 20 18 18 18
50 mm, min, %
Reduction of area, 38 38 35 45 40 48 45 48 45 45 45
min, %
A541/A541M − 05 (2015)
A,B
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements at 40°F (4°C) (Except for 2A)
Grades 1, Grade 2 Grade 2 Grade 22 Grades 22 Grades 3V and 3VCb,
1A, and Class 2 Class 1, Class 5 CL 4 4N Grade 22,
11 Class 4 and 3 3 Class 1 Classes 1, 2, 3 Class 3
Class 2 and 1C 5 Classes 1, 2 and Grade 22V
D E
Minimum average value of set of three specimens, 15 [20] 35 [47] 30 [41] 25 [34] 35 [47] 40 [54]
C
ft·lbf (J)
D E
Minimum value of one specimen, ft·lbf (J) 10 [14] 30 [41] 25 [34] 20 [27] 30 [41] 35 [47]
A
These Charpy values are for tests made on standard 10-mm square specimens. If sub-size impact specimens are used, the required minimum ft·lbf values shall be
5 2
determined by multiplying the ft·lbf values in Table 3 by ⁄6 for 7.5 by 10-mm specimens, and by ⁄3 for 5 by 10-mm specimens.
B
These values apply for tests at lower temperatures if Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified in the order.
C
Not more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.
D
Tested at 70°F [21°C].
E
Tested at 0°F [−18°C].
be removed and the welded areas subjected to magnetic particle test to ensure freedom from cracks unless the welded areas are
completely removed by subsequent machining.
6.4 Samples shall be removed from forgings after the quenching and tempering heat treatments. This sample material shall be
subjected to a simulated post-weld heat treatment if Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified.
6.5 Orientation—For upset disk forgings, the longitudinal axis of all test specimens shall be oriented in the tangential direction.
For all other forgings, the longitudi
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