ASTM D4778-10

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Deposits on heat transfer surfaces reduce efficiency of the heat exchanger affected. A method for easily determining the corrosion and fouling tendency of a particular water under heat transfer conditions will allow the evaluation of changes in the various system variables such as heat flux, flow velocity, metallurgy, cycles-of-concentration, and treatment schemes on heat exchanger performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides directions for fabricating and operating a test apparatus to simultaneously monitor the corrosion and fouling tendency of real and pilot cooling water systems under heat transfer conditions.
1.2 Interpretation of the results of this test method must be left to the investigator. Many variables are involved which may not be easily controlled or fully understood. Variations in design and operating conditions may produce results that are not comparable from unit to unit.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2010
• ICS: 13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4778-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4778 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of
1
Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method provides directions for fabricating and 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
operating a test apparatus to simultaneously monitor the method, refer to Terminology D1129.
corrosion and fouling tendency of real and pilot cooling water
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
systems under heat transfer conditions.
3.2.1 corrosion, n—the deterioration of the metal by reac-
1.2 Interpretation of the results of this test method must be tion with its environment.
lefttotheinvestigator.Manyvariablesareinvolvedwhichmay
3.2.2 fouling, n—deposition of organic matter or inorganic
not be easily controlled or fully understood. Variations in
matter, or both, on heat transfer surfaces that result in the loss
design and operating conditions may produce results that are
of heat transfer efficiency.
not comparable from unit to unit.
3.2.3 heat flux, n—heat transfer per unit area per unit time.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided 4. Summary of Test Method
for information only.
4.1 Water from the system to be tested flows across a heated
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tube of the desired metallurgy at a constant flow rate and heat
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the flux. Corrosion rate is determined by weight loss while fouling
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tendency is determined by the deposit weight.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Deposits on heat transfer surfaces reduce efficiency of
2. Referenced Documents
the heat exchanger affected. A method for easily determining
2
the corrosion and fouling tendency of a particular water under
2.1 ASTM Standards:
heat transfer conditions will allow the evaluation of changes in
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
the various system variables such as heat flux, flow velocity,
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
metallurgy, cycles-of-concentration, and treatment schemes on
Water-Formed Deposits
heat exchanger performance.
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
6. Apparatus (Fig. 1)
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
3 1
6.1 Test Specimen—Ametal tube of ⁄8 or ⁄2 in. (9.5 or 12.5
sion Test Specimens
mm) outside diameter with sufficient inside diameter to snug-
G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
gly accommodate the cartridge heater. The tube should be cut
Data
1
to a length sufficient to extend ⁄2 in. (12.5 mm) from each end
of the test assembly. If both corrosion and deposition are to be
determined, metallurgy of the test specimen should match that
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
of the heat exchanger being modeled.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
1 3
6.2 Cartridge Heater—A ⁄4 or ⁄8 in. (6.2 or 9.5 mm)
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
diameter.Heatedsurfaceshouldbe4to8in.(10to20cm)long
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. Originally
ε1
with a minimum power rating sufficient to provide 110 % of
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4778 – 05 . DOI:
10.1520/D4778-10.
the heat load required (see Eq 7, 8.2.2).The heater should have
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
an unheated section of sufficient length to allow the center of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the heated section to be placed consistently in the center of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. test specimen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4778 − 10
NOTE 1—All pipe is threaded 1 in. (25 mm) PVC. Heater should be
fused and grounded in accordance with local electrical codes.
FIG. 1 Tes
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4778–05 Designation:D4778–10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of
1
Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides directions for fabricating and operating a test apparatus to simultaneously monitor the corrosion
and fouling tendency of real and pilot cooling water systems under heat transfer conditions.
1.2 Interpretation of the results of this test method must be left to the investigator. Many variables are involved which may not
be easily controlled or fully understood.Variations in design and operating conditions may produce results that are not comparable
from unit to unit.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 corrosioncorrosion, n—the deterioration of the metal by reaction with its environment.
3.2.2 foulingfouling, n—depositionoforganicmatterorinorganicmatter,orboth,onheattransfersurfacesthatresultintheloss
of heat transfer efficiency.
3.2.3 heat fluxheat flux, n—heat transfer per unit area per unit time.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Water from the system to be tested flows across a heated tube of the desired metallurgy at a constant flow rate and heat flux.
Corrosion rate is determined by weight loss while fouling tendency is determined by the deposit weight.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Deposits on heat transfer surfaces reduce efficiency of the heat exchanger affected. A method for easily determining the
corrosion and fouling tendency of a particular water under heat transfer conditions will allow the evaluation of changes in the
various system variables such as heat flux, flow velocity, metallurgy, cycles-of-concentration, and treatment schemes on heat
exchanger performance.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Jan.Dec. 1, 2005.2010. Published January 2005.March 2011. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
´1
D4778–94(1999)D4778 – 05 . DOI: 10.1520/D4778-05. DOI: 10.1520/D4778-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4778–10
6. Apparatus ( Fig. 1)
Parts List:
(1) test specimen (6) acrylic tube, 10 in. (25 cm) long by 1 in. (25 mm)
outside Diameter
(2) tube fitting; nylon (no metal parts) (7) Cartridge type heater (not shown)
(3) reduci ng bushing, PVC
(4) tee, 1 in. (25 mm) PVC
(5) tube fitting, 1 in. (25 mm) tube by 1 in.
(25 mm) male pipe thread stainless steel
FIG. 2 Test Assembly and Parts List
3 1
6.1 Test Specimen—A metal tube of ⁄8 or ⁄2 in. (9.5 or 12.5 mm) outside diameter with sufficient inside diameter to snuggly
1
accommodate the cartridge heater. The tube should be cut to a length suffic
...