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ASTM D4956-11a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
29-Mar-2011
ICS
93.080.30 - Road equipment and installations
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.38 - Highway Traffic Control Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4956-09e1 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
30-Mar-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D4956-13 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
15-Dec-2013
Referred By
ASTM E3165-18 - Standard Test Method for Nighttime Retroreflected Chromaticity of Retroreflective Sheeting
Effective Date
30-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
Effective Date
30-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM E1709-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree Observation Angle
Effective Date
30-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2706-18 - Standard Practice for Equipment Technology and Operations for Mobile and Plant-Based Secure Destruction Safety Requirements
Effective Date
30-Mar-2011

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REDLINE ASTM D4956-11a - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4956 −11a
StandardSpecification for
1
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
Balloted and approved material consistent with previous versions has been included editorially, and the year date was changed on
March 30, 2011.
1. Scope E810Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of
Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass
E811Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of
beadlensandmicroprismatic,retroreflectivesheetingdesigned
Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and
E991Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-
other devices.
mens Using the One-Monochromator Method
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E1164PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Color Evaluation
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E1247Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color
and are not considered standard.
Specimens by Spectrophotometry
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
E1347Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
E1349Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Geometry
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
E2152Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent
tions prior to use.
Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
E2153Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data
2. Referenced Documents
for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2301Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of
B209Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Mate-
Sheet and Plate
rials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal
B209MSpecification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry
Sheet and Plate (Metric)
G7Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
B449Specification for Chromates on Aluminum ing of Nonmetallic Materials
E284Terminology of Appearance
G113Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificialWeath-
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
the CIE System G147Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G151PracticeforExposingNonmetallicMaterialsinAccel-
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road
G155Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
Highway Traffic Control Materials.
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
Current edition approved March 30, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
2.2 Other Standards
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4956–11. DOI:
10.1520/D4956-11A.
ISO4892-2:2006PlasticsMethodsofexposuretolaboratory
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ISO 4892-2:2006/Amd.1:2009 Plastics Methods of expo-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4956−11a
EN12899-1:2007 Fixed, vertical road traffic signs - Part 1: 4.2.5 Type V—A retroreflective sheeting referred to as “su-
Fixed signs per high-intensity” that is typically a metalized microprismatic
retroreflectiveelementmaterial.Thissheetingistypicallyused
3. Terminology
for delineators.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms are as described in
4.2.6 Type VI—Anelastomericretroreflectivesheetingwith-
Termin
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D4956–09 Designation: D4956 – 11a
Standard Specification for
1
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Table 13 was editorially corrected in December 2009.
Balloted and approved material consistent with previous versions has been included editorially, and the year date was changed on March 30, 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversflexible,non-exposedglassbeadlensandmicroprismatic,retroreflectivesheetingdesignedforuse
on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 Thefollowingsafetyhazardscaveatpertainsonlytothetestmethodsportion,Section7,ofthisspecification. This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric)
B449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
E811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45) Geometry
E2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
E2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
E2301 Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for
High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45:Normal Geometry
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G152Practice for Operating Open Flame CarbonArc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials 155 Practice for
Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
1
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD04onRoadandPavingMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD04.38onHighway
Traffic Control Materials.
´1
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4956–07 . DOI:
10.1520/D4956-09.
Current edition approved March 30, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4956–11. DOI:
10.1520/D4956-11A.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4956 – 11a
2.2 Other Standards
ISO 489
...

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This specification covers reflectorized thermoplastic based pavement striping material of the class that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion or ribbon extrusion means. It deals with longitudinal applications in non snow plow areas, standard (non-profile) pavement marking applications, and applications on smooth asphalt or concrete surfaces. It does not include asphalt seal coat applications, which use large aggregate resulting in a very rough, open grade finish. This specification establishes requirements with respect to chemical composition and physical property of the thermoplastic pavement marking material, requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application, field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and material application requirements.
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1.1.2 This specification includes:
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SCOPE
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1.1.2.2 Requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application,
1.1.2.3 Field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and
1.1.2.4 Material application requirements.  
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Standard Practice for Solvent and Fuel Resistance of Traffic Paint

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Traffic paints must have good resistance to motor oil and fuel drippings on the highway. This test method describes the procedure necessary to evaluate the resistance of traffic paint to reference test fluids in order to simulate this type of action.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the resistance of a dried film of traffic paint to the action of a specified hydrocarbon solvent or gasoline fuel test fluid.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4797-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Gravimetric Analysis of White and Yellow Thermoplastic Pavement Marking

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The function of these test methods is to define the percent of binder and retroreflective optics or non-retroreflective particles in the composition of the thermoplastic pavement marking as defined by the applicable specification for the manufacture of a specific thermoplastic pavement marking. The subsequent sample, as a result of ashing can be used to later test for the presence of titanium dioxide, lead chromate and possibly organic pigments.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the gravimetric analysis of the binder and hydrochloric Acid (HCL) insoluble particles in white and yellow thermoplastic pavement markings. The HCL insoluble particles can be retroreflective optics, such as glass beads or some other type of retroreflective optic, or non-retroreflective particles such as silica sand, or a combination of any two or more of these materials.  
1.2 This standard does not address the physical separation and the individual quantification of each component when a mixture of two or more HCL insoluble materials is present. Rather it requires the user to visually evaluate the HCL insoluble material (obtained from following this test method) and report the types of materials present.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the titanium dioxide or lead chromate pigment measurement (after ashing) which is detailed in Test Methods D1394 and D126.  
1.4 This standard will attempt to address the interference of organic pigments with the binder results.  
1.5 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Percent Binder  
10  
Percent Retroreflective Optics or
Non-Retroreflective Particles  
11  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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