ASTM D5875/D5875M-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water Quality Monitoring Devices
Standard Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water Quality Monitoring Devices
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cable-tool rigs (also referred to as churn rigs, water-well drilling rigs, spudders, or percussion rigs) are used in the oil fields and in the water-well industry. The Chinese developed the percussion method some 4,000 years ago.
4.2 Cable-tool drilling and sampling methods may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices in both unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Cable-tool drilling and sampling may be selected over other methods based on its advantages, some of which are its high mobility, low water use, low operating cost, and low maintenance. Cable-tool drilling is the most widely available casing-advancement method that is restricted to the drilling of unconsolidated sediment and softer rocks.
4.2.1 The application of cable-tool drilling and sampling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling unconsolidated materials. Depth of drill holes may exceed 900 m [3000 ft] and may be limited by the length of cable attached to the bull reel. However, most drill holes for geoenvironmental exploration rarely are needed to go that deep. Rates for cable-tool drilling and sampling can vary from a general average of as much as 7.5 to 9 m/h [25 to 30 ft/h] including setting 200 mm [8 in.] diameter casing to considerably less than that depending on the type(s) of material drilled, and the type and condition of the equipment and rig used.
Note 2: As a general rule, cable-tool rigs are used to sample the surficial sediments (that is, overburden), and to set surface casing in order that rotary-core rigs subsequently may be set up on the drill hole to core drill hard rock if coring is needed.
Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices.
1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure should be made on the basis of sample types needed and geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site.
1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration often will involve safety planning, administration and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.
Note 1: This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many uniqu...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5875/D5875M − 18
Standard Guide for
Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for
Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of
1
Subsurface Water Quality Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5875/D5875M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and instal-
document means only that the document has been approved
lation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices.
through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
should be made on the basis of sample types needed and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
often will involve safety planning, administration and docu-
mentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address
2. Referenced Documents
exploration and site safety. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
site characterizations.
Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining D4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Test-
ing
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Used at Waste Sites
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 For definitions of general technical terms used within
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
3.1.2 jars—a tool composed of two connected links or reins
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
3
with vertical play between them (see Fig. 1 and Ref (1)).
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
Drilling jars have a stroke of 230 to 460 mm [9 to 18 in.]
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
whereas, fishing jars have a stroke of 460 to 900 mm [18 to 36
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
in.]. Jars permit a sudden upward load or shock to loosen a
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
string of tools stuck in the borehole.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Vadose Zone Investigations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5875 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/ The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the
D5875_D5875M-18. end of the text.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5875/D5875M − 13 D5875/D5875M − 18
Standard Guide for
Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for
Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of
1
Subsurface Water-Quality Water Quality Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5875/D5875M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of
subsurface water-quality water quality monitoring devices.
1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent
laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure should be made on the basis of sample types needed and
geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site.
1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration often will involve safety planning, administration and documentation.
This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.
NOTE 1—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586 Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published September 2013July 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
D5875 – 95 (2006).D5875 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5875/D5875M-13.10.1520/D5875_D5875M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5875/D5875M − 18
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