ASTM D6029/D6029M-20

Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedures) Determining Hydraulic Properties of a Confined Aquifer and a Leaky Confining Bed with Negligible Storage by the Hantush-Jacob Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:  
5.1.1 The control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.1.2 The control well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer.  
5.1.3 The aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive.
Note 2: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information.  
5.1.4 The aquifer remains saturated (that is, water level does not decline below the top of the aquifer).  
5.1.5 The aquifer is overlain, or underlain, everywhere by a confining bed having a uniform hydraulic conductivity and thickness. It is assumed that there is no change of water storage in this confining bed and that the hydraulic gradient across this bed changes instantaneously with a change in head in the aquifer. This confining bed is bounded on the distal side by a uniform head source where the head does not change with time.  
5.1.6 The other confining bed is impermeable.  
5.1.7 Leakage into the aquifer is vertical and proportional to the drawdown, and flow in the aquifer is strictly horizontal.  
5.1.8 Flow in the aquifer is two-dimensional and radial in the horizontal plane.  
5.2 The geometry of the well and aquifer system is shown in Fig. 1.  
5.3 Implications of Assumptions:  
5.3.1 Paragraph 5.1.1 indicates that the discharge from the control well is at a constant rate. Section 8.1 of Test Method D4050 discusses the variation from a strictly constant rate that is acceptable. A continuous trend in the change of the discharge rate could result in misinterpretation of the water-level change data unless taken into consideration.  
5.3.2 The leaky confining bed problem considered by the Hantush-Jacob solution requires that the control well has an infinitesimal diameter and has no storage. Abdul Khader and Ramadurgaiah (5) developed graphs of a solution for the drawdowns in a large-diameter control well discharging at a constant rate from an aquifer confined...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a confined aquifer and the leakance value of an overlying or underlying confining bed for the case where there is negligible change of water in storage in a confining bed. This practice is used to analyze water-level or head data collected from one or more observation wells or piezometers during the pumping of water from a control well at a constant rate. With appropriate changes in sign, this practice also can be used to analyze the effects of injecting water into a control well at a constant rate.  
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050.  
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the Hantush-Jacob method is limited to the determination of hydraulic properties for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspondence to the assumptions of the Theis nonequilibrium method (Practice D4106) with the exception that in this case the aquifer is overlain, or underlain, everywhere by a confining bed having a uniform hydraulic conductivity and thickness, and in which the gain or loss of water in storage is assumed to be negligible, and that bed, in turn, is bounded on the distal side by a zone in which the head remains constant. The hydraulic conductivity of the other bed confining the aquifer is so small that it is assumed to be impermeable (see Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Cross Section Through a Discharging Well in a Leaky Aquifer (from Reed (1)3). The Confining and Impermeable Bed Locations Can Be Interchanged  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D6029/D6029M −20
Standard Practice for
(Analytical Procedures) Determining Hydraulic Properties of
a Confined Aquifer and a Leaky Confining Bed with
1
Negligible Storage by the Hantush-Jacob Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6029/D6029M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* formance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other
than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this
1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for deter-
standard.
mining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a confined
aquifer and the leakance value of an overlying or underlying
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
confining bed for the case where there is negligible change of
guidelines for significant digits and round established in
water in storage in a confining bed. This practice is used to
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
analyze water-level or head data collected from one or more
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
observation wells or piezometers during the pumping of water
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
fromacontrolwellataconstantrate.Withappropriatechanges
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
in sign, this practice also can be used to analyze the effects of
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
injecting water into a control well at a constant rate.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
Test Method D4050.
increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the Hantush-Jacob
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
method is limited to the determination of hydraulic properties
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable corre-
method for engineering design.
spondence to the assumptions of the Theis nonequilibrium
method (Practice D4106) with the exception that in this case
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
theaquiferisoverlain,orunderlain,everywherebyaconfining
one or more specific operations.This document cannot replace
bed having a uniform hydraulic conductivity and thickness,
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
and in which the gain or loss of water in storage is assumed to
professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be
be negligible, and that bed, in turn, is bounded on the distal
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
side by a zone in which the head remains constant. The
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
hydraulic conductivity of the other bed confining the aquifer is
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
so small that it is assumed to be impermeable (see Fig. 1).
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
ofaproject’smanyuniqueaspects.Theword“Standard”inthe
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
title of this document means only that the document has been
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6029–17. DOI:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
10.1520/D6029_D60
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6029 − 17 D6029/D6029M − 20
Standard Test Method (Analytical Procedure) Practice for
(Analytical Procedures) Determining Hydraulic Properties of
a Confined Aquifer and a Leaky Confining Bed with
1
Negligible Storage by the Hantush-Jacob Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6029;D6029/D6029M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a confined
aquifer and the leakance value of an overlying or underlying confining bed for the case where there is negligible change of water
in storage in a confining bed. This test method is used to analyze water-level or head data collected from one or more observation
wells or piezometers during the pumping of water from a control well at a constant rate. With appropriate changes in sign, this
test method also can be used to analyze the effects of injecting water into a control well at a constant rate.
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050.
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the Hantush-Jacob method is limited to the determination of hydraulic properties for aquifers
in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspondence to the assumptions of the Theis nonequilibrium method (Test Method
D4106) with the exception that in this case the aquifer is overlain, or underlain, everywhere by a confining bed having a uniform
hydraulic conductivity and thickness, and in which the gain or loss of water in storage is assumed to be negligible, and that bed,
in turn, is bounded on the distal side by a zone in which the head remains constant. The hydraulic conductivity of the other bed
confining the aquifer is so small that it is assumed to be impermeable (see Fig. 1).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of
force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are
involved.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and round established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method for engineering design.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017June 1, 2020. Published January 2017June 2020. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20102017 as
ɛ1
D6029–96(2010)D6029 .–17. DOI: 10.1520/D6029-17.10.1520/D6029_D6029M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document
...