ASTM F2945-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in fuel gas piping. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the transport of fuel gases. This specification does not cover threaded pipe. The polyamide 11 material used to make pipe and fittings shall be virgin or reworked material and shall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostatic design stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determined per PPI TR3 and PPI TR4. This specification deals with requirements for materials, requirements for pipe and fittings, test methods, marking, and quality Assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in fuel gas piping. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the transport of fuel gases.
1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Generic fusion guidelines are given in Appendix X1. Design considerations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant quality control programs are specified in Annex A1.
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendixes in this specification:
Annexes
Subject
Annex A1
In-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.
Annex A2
PA-11 Butt Fusion Fittings
Appendixes
Subject
Appendix X1
Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 Piping
Appendix X2
Design Consideration
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F2945 −12
Standard Specification for
Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
D789Test Methods for Determination of Solution Viscosi-
for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and
ties of Polyamide (PA)
fittingsforuseinfuelgaspiping.Thepipeandfittingscovered
D1598Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
bythisspecificationareintendedforuseinthetransportoffuel
Under Constant Internal Pressure
gases.
D1599Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic
1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Ge-
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
neric fusion guidelines are given in Appendix X1. Design
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
considerations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant quality
control programs are specified in Annex A1. tics
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
1.2 Thetextofthisspecificationreferencesnotes,footnotes,
D2122Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
D2290Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk Method
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D2774PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
tic Pressure Piping
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D2837Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis
and are not considered standard.
forThermoplasticPipeMaterialsorPressureDesignBasis
1.4 Thefollowingisanindexoftheannexesandappendixes
for Thermoplastic Pipe Products
in this specification:
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Annexes Subject
F1025Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-
Annex A1 In-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.
Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc-
Annex A2 PA-11 Butt Fusion Fittings
Appendixes Subject tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure Pipe
Appendix X1 Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 Piping
F1473Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the
Appendix X2 Design Consideration
Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Resins
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
F1733Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe andTubing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
F1973Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Ris-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) and
Polyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel Gas
2. Referenced Documents
Distribution Systems
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2138Specification for Excess FlowValves for Natural Gas
D543Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
Service
Chemical Reagents
F2145Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Poly-
amide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside
DiameterControlledPolyamide11andPolyamide12Pipe
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
and Tubing
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2012. Published . DOI: 10.1520/D2945–12
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2945−12
F2600Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-11 3.4.2 rounding equipment, n—equipment, devices, clamps,
Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-11 and so forth, used to temporarily hold the pipe round while
Pipe and Tubing out-of-roundness measurements are made, or a joining proce-
dure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
B16.40ManuallyOperatedThermoplasticGasShutoffsand
3.4.3 standard thermoplastic material designated code,
Valves in Gas Distribution Systems
n—the pipe material designation code shall consist of the
B 31.8Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
abbreviation for the polyamide (PA) followed by Arabic
2.3 Federal Specifications:
numerals which describe the short term properties in accor-
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
dance with Classifications from Table 2 followed by the
OPS Part 192Title 49,Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations
hydrostatic design stress for water at 73.4°F (23°C) in units of
2.4 Military Standards: 100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the hydro-
MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage static design stress code contains less than two figures, a zero
MIL-STD-1235 (ORD)Single- and Multi-Level Continuous is used before the number. Thus, a complete material designa-
Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attri-
tion code shall consist of two letters and five figures for
butes polyamide 11 materials. For example, PA 32316 is a grade of
polyamide 11 with a 3150 psi design stress for water at 73.4°F
2.5 ISO Standards:
(23°C). The hydrostatic design stresses for gas are not used in
ISO 22621 Part 1Plastics piping systems for the supply of
this designation code.
gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressure up to and
including 2 MPa (20 bar)–Polyamide (PA): General
3.4.4 thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (DR), n—the ratio
2.6 Plastic Pipe Institute:
of pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividing
PPI TR3Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydro-
the specified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches, by the
static Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB),
minimum specified wall thickness, in inches. The standard
Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum Required
dimension ratio (SDR) is a common numbering system which
Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate-
is derived from the ANSI preferred number series R 10.
rials or Pipe
3.4.5 toe-in, n—a small reduction of the outside diameter at
PPI TR4Hydrostatic Design Bases and Maximum Recom-
the cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe.
mended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for Thermoplastic
Piping Materials
4. Requirements for Materials
PPI TN7Nature of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Curves
4.1 General—Thepolyamide11materialusedtomakepipe
PPI TR9Recommended Design Factors for Pressure Appli-
and fittings shall be virgin or reworked material (see 4.5) and
cations of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
shall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostatic
PPI TR-45Butt Fusion Joining Procedures for Field Joining
design stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determined
of Polyamide-11
per PPI TR3 and PPI TR4.
3. Terminology
4.2 Classification—Polyamide 11 materials suitable for use
in the manufacturing of pipe and fittings under this specifica-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
tion shall be classified in accordance with Classifications, as
nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
shown in Table 2.
nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.
4.3 Short- and Long-Term Properties—Polyamide 11 pipe
3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specification
and fittings shall be made from a Polyamide 11 material which
is in accordance withANSI B31.8 or CFR OPS Part 192 Title
alsosatisfiesthecombinationsofshort-andlong-termproperty
49, unless otherwise indicated.
requirements shown in Table 3.
3.3 Theterm pipeusedhereinreferstobothpipeandtubing
4.4 Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) for
unless specifically stated otherwise.
Materials—The material classification (formulation) used in
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specification
3.4.1 re-rounding equipment, n—equipment used to reform
shall be tested for resistance to failure by RCP in accordance
the pipe and permanently reduce ovality to5%or less.
with 6.7. The data obtained shall be made available upon
request without limitations on disclosure, and shall not subse-
4 quently be subject to disclosure limitations when used by
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
TABLE 1 Sustained Pressure
www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de Test PA 32312 PA 32316
Min Hr.
Temperature Hoop Stress Hoop Stress
la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
www.iso.ch.
73±3.6F 1000 hr 2800 psi 3200 psi
Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,
(23±2C) (19 MPa) (22 MPa)
Irving, TX 75062, http://www.plasticpipe.org.
176±3.6F 100 hr 1850 psi 1850 psi
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch (80±2C) (12.7 MPa) (12.7 MPa)
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
F2945−12
TABLE 2 Classifications (dry as molded)
Classification ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method Designation
PA Polyamide
3 (group) PA11
2 (class) Heat stabilized
3 (grade)
Viscosity Number, (mL/g) ISO 307 150–300
Melt point, °C D789 ISO 11357 180–195
Specific gravity D792 ISO 1183 1.00–1.06
Tensile strength, min, (MPa) D638 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 40
Tensile modulus, min, (MPa) D638 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 1150
Tensile Elongation (ultimate), min, (%) D638 ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 150
Charpy Impact Resistance, kJ/m , min ISO 179/ 1eA 6.0
Deflection temperature, min at 1.82 Mpa, min °C D648 ISO 75-1 and 75-2 40
TABLE 3 Short and Long Term Property Requirements
pipe and fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practi-
Short-Term in Long-Term in
cable in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties.
PA Material
Accordance with Accordance with
Designation Code
Table 2 D2837
5.3 Pipe and Tubing Dimensions and Tolerances:
PA32312 PA323 HDB of 2500 psi
5.3.1 Dimension—The dimensions shall be specified by
for 73°F (23°C)
wall thickness and outside diameter.
PA32316 PA323 HDB of 3150 psi
for 73°F (23°C)
5.3.1.1 Diameters—The outside diameter shall meet the
requirements given in Table 4 or Table 5 when measured in
accordance with 6.5.
others.The values obtained are applicable to all pipes with the
5.3.1.2 Toe-In—Whenmeasuredinaccordancewith6.5.1.1,
wall thickness of the pipe tested and all thinner wall pipes.
theoutsidediameteratthecutendofthepipeshallnotbemore
than 1.5 % smaller than the undistorted outside diameter.
4.5 Rework Material—Clean rework material of the same
Measurementoftheundistortedoutsidediametershallbemade
commercial designation, generated from the manufacturer’s
no closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mm),
own pipe and fitting production shall not be used unless the
whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe.
pipe and fittings produced meet all the requirements of this
Undistorted outside diameter shall meet the requirements of
specification.
Table 4 or Table 5.
4.6 Documentation—A documentation system to allow for
5.3.1.3 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall be as
traceability of raw materials including percentage and material
specified in Table 5 or Table 6 when measured in accordance
classification(ordesignation,ifapplicable)ofreworkmaterials
with 6.5.1.2. The minimum wall thickness at any point of
used in the manufacture of the pipe product meeting the
measurementshallbenotlessthantheminimumwallthickness
requirementsofthisspecificationshallexistandbesuppliedto
specified in Table 5 or Table 6.
the purchaser, if requested.
5.3.1.4 Wall Thickness Eccentricity Range—The wall thick-
5. Requirements for Pipe and Fittings
nesseccentricityrangeshallbewithin12%whenmeasuredin
5.1 General—Pipe shall be supplied in either coils or accordance with 6.5.1.3.
straightlengths.Anypipesuppliedincoilsmustmeetthesame
5.3.1.5 Ovality—The ovality (cross section) of 3 in. IPS
requirements before and after coiling.
(88.9 mm) and smaller pipe shall not exceed 5 % when
measured in accordance with 6.5.3. Measurements of coiled
5.2 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be homoge-
neous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign pipe shall be made on a sample cut from the coil, and in case
inclusion, blisters, and dents, or other injurious defects. The of disagreement, conditioned per 6.3.
TABLE 4 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for PA11 Pipe, in. (mm)
Maximum out-of-roundness
Nominal Pipe Size Outside Diameter Tolerance
(SDR 13.5 SDR 11)
⁄2 0.840 (21.3) ±0.004 (±0.102) 0.016 (0.406)
⁄4 1.050 (26.7) ±0.004 (±0.102) 0.02 (0.508)
1 1.315 (33.4) ±0.005 (±0.127) 0.02 (0.508)
1 ⁄4 1.660 (42.1) ±0.005 (±0.127) 0.024 (0.61)
2 2.375 (60.3) ±0.006 (±0.152) 0.024 (0.61)
3 3.500 (88.9) ±0.008 (±0.203) 0.03 (0.762)
4 4.500 (114.3) ±0.009 (±0.229) 0.03 (0.762)
5 5.563 (141.3) ±0.010 (±0.254) 0.06 (1.524)
6 6.625 (168.3) ±0.011 (±0.279) 0.07 (1.778)
8 8.625 (219.1) ±0.013 (±0.330) 0.08 (2.04)
10 10.750 (273.0) ±0.015 (±0.381) 0.1 (2.5)
12 12.750 (323.8) ±0.017 (±0.432) 0.1 (2.5)
F2945−12
TABLE 5 Tubing Diameters, Wall Thicknesses, and Tolerances, in. (mm)
Nominal Tubing Size (CTS) Outside Diameter Tolerance Maximum Wall Thickness Wall Thickness Tolerance
⁄2 0.625 (15.9) ±0.004 (±0.10) 0.090 (2.27) +0.009 (+0.23)
⁄2 0.625 (15.9) ±0.004 (±0.10) 0.104 (2.64) +0.010 (+0.25)
⁄4 0.875 (22.2) ±0.004 (±0.10) 0.090 (2.27) +0.009 (+0.23)
1 1.125 (28.6) ±0.005 (±0.13) 0.090 (2.27) +0.012 (+0.31)
1 1.125 (28.6) ±0.005 (±0.13) 0.099 (2.51) +0.011 (+0.28)
1 1.125 (28.6) ±0.005 (±0.13) 0.101 (2.56) +0.012 (+0.31)
1 1.125 (28.6) ±0.005 (±0.13) 0.121 (3.07) +0.015 (+0.38)
1 ⁄4
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