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ASTM

ASTM C595M-97

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements [Metric]

Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements [Metric]

SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to five classes of blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag or pozzolan, or both, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime.  
Note 1-This specification prescribes ingredients and proportions, with some performance requirements whereas C 1157 is a blended cement specification in which performance criteria alone govern the products and their acceptance.
1.2 For properties where values are given in both SI and non SI units, the values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Practice E 380, of measurements made in other units.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-1996
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.10 - Hydraulic Cements for General Concrete Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C595M-97 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements [Metric]ASTM C595M-97 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements [Metric]
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ASTM C595M-97 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements [Metric]
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Standards Content (Sample)

STD.ASTM C595M-ENGL I,997 - Oi’!i=l530 0598~07 4’+ll m
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
Designation: C 595M - 97
100 Ban Harbor Dr. West Cof~shohocken. PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
METRIC
If not listed m the current combined index. will appear in the next edition.
Standard Specification for
Blended Hydraulic Cements [Metric]’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C S9SM; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (0 indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This speciJcation has been approved/or use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consulf the DOD Index of Specijications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic
1. Scope
Cement by Vicat Needle2
1.1 This specification pertains to five classes of blended
C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
hydraulic cements for both general and special applications,
Air Permeability Apparatus*
using slag or pozzolan, or both, with portland cement or
C 2 19 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement2
portland cement clinker or slag with lime.
C 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use
NOTE I--This specification prescribes ingredients and proportions,
in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Portland Cement2
with scme performance requirements whereas Performance Spccifka-
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
tion C I 157 is a blended cement specification in which performance
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)3
criteria alone govern the products and their acceptance.
C 265 Test Method for Calcium Sulfate in Hydrated
1.2 For properties where values are given in both SI and
Portland Cement MortarZ
non SI units, the values in SI units are to be regarded as the
C 3 11 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
standard. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measure-
Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
ment in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the
Portland-Cement Concrete3
Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Practice E 380,
C 430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
of measurements made in other units.
the 45+m (No, 325) Sieve2
1.3 The text of this specification refers to notes and
C 465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements2
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not
C 563 Test Method for Optimum SO3 in Portland
requirements of this specification.
Cement”
C 688 Specification for Functional Additions for Use in
2. Referenced Documents
Hydraulic Cements2
2.1 ASTM Standards: C 82 1 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans2
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of C 10 12 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution2
Specimens)z C 1157M Performance Specification for Blended Hy-
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic draulic Cement2
Cement2 E 380 Practice for Use of the International System of
Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)4
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement*
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
Cement2 3. Terminology
C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
3.1 Definitions-The terms used in this specification are
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete3
defined in Terminology C 219.
C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
Hydraulic Cement2
4. Classification
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
4.1 The types of blended cement covered by this specifi-
MortarZ
cation are as follows and are intended for the uses stated.
C 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic
4.2 Portland Blasf-Furnace Slag Cement-One type with
Cement2
three optional provisions is covered as follows:
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
4.2.1 Type IS-Portland blast-furnace slag cement for use
Cement2
in general concrete construction.
C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement*
4.2.2 Moderate sulfate resistance, air entrainment, or
moderate heat of hydration or any combination may be
specified by adding the suffixes (MS), (A), or (MH).
t This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-l on
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee CO1 .I0 on Hydraulic 4.3 Portland-Pozzolan Cement-Two types, each with
Cement for General Concrete Construction.
three optional provisions, are covered, as follows:
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1997. published April 199
...

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ASTM C1157/C1157M-23(Specification)
Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
Note 1: There are two related hydraulic cement standards, Specification C150/C150M for portland cement and Specifications C595/C595M for blended cements, both of which contain prescriptive and performance requirements  
1.2 This performance specification classifies cements based on specific requirements for general use, high early strength, resistance to attack by sulfates, and heat of hydration. Optional requirements are provided for the property of low reactivity with alkali-silica-reactive aggregates and for air-entraining cements.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.4 The text of this performance specification refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C595/C595M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements

ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag or pozzolan, or both, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime. These cements are classified into two types: Type IS which is portland blast-furnace slag cement and Type IP which is portland-pozzolan cement. They can also be described according to air-entraining, moderate sulfate resistance, moderate heat of hydration, high sulfate resistance, or low heat of hydration properties. The cement shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed. In addition, the cement shall undergo different tests to determine the following properties: chemical analysis, fineness by sieving, fineness by air-permeability, autoclave expansion, time of setting, air content of mortar, compressive strength, heat of hydration, normal consistency, specific gravity, water requirement, mortar expansions of blended cement and pozzolan, drying shrinkage, activity index with Portland cement, and sulfate resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag, pozzolan, limestone, or some combination of these, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime.
Note 1: This specification prescribes ingredients and proportions, with some performance requirements, whereas Performance Specification C1157/C1157M is a hydraulic cement specification in which performance criteria alone govern the products and their acceptance.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this specification refers to notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C465-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a processing addition meets the requirement. When proposed addition is accepted for general use in Portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers. These clinkers shall represent two Type I cements, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing a processing addition. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The properties of the materials shall be determined through the following tests in accordance with the following standard: chemical analysis of the cement, compound composition, fineness of cement, normal consistency, time of setting, autoclave expansion, air content of mortar, compressive strength of mortar, and drying shrinkage of mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150/C150M, C1157/C1157M, C845/C845M, and C595/C595M. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification:    
C150/C150M – 62, for Portland Cement  
C205 – 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement  
C340 – 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement  
C358 – 58, for Slag Cement  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C187-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1910/C1910M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/C1910M or other specifications for cements that require carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete.  
4.2 Compressive Strength—The test for compressive strength is used to determine whether the cement tested will develop a minimum level of strength when carbonated under laboratory conditions.  
4.3 Chemically Bound Carbon Dioxide—Determined using mortar cube specimens prepared for determining compressive strength, the test for chemically bound carbon dioxide is used as an estimate of the mass of carbon dioxide bound during the carbonation curing process and is expressed as a percent of the mass of cement in the test mixture. The actual amount of carbon dioxide bound in a manufactured product is affected by the carbonation process and the cement used, and the physical characteristics of the manufactured product.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cements that require carbonation curing and are intended for use in concrete.  
1.2 The procedures are organized in the following sections:    
Casting and Carbonation Curing Test Specimens  
Section 8  
Compressive Strength  
Section 9  
Bound Carbon Dioxide  
Section 10  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. Some values only have SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in standard.  
1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Common cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1600/C1600M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.  
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1905/C1905M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cements that require controlled exposure to carbon dioxide to achieve strength, referred to as carbonation curing. These cements are for use in concrete that does not contain steel reinforcement. There are no restrictions on the constituents of the cement. The producer is required to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is chemically bound by the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Hydraulic Cement-Based Mortars and Plasters by Way of Water Loss

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water when applied to specific substrates based on the intended use of the tested mortar.  
5.2 The results obtained using this test method may be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water when applied to different substrates or in comparison to other mortars or plasters applied to the same substrate.  
5.2.1 If applied to the same substrate, water retention values of different mortar can be compared.  
5.2.2 One mortar may be applied to different substrates to understand the impact of varying substrates on water retention of the mortar.  
5.3 The results obtained using this test method do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with substrates found in the field. This is because the amount of water absorbed by the substrate depends not only on the ability of the mortar to retain water but also on the particular absorption of the substrate and environmental conditions. Environmental conditions are not taken into account in this test method.  
5.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement based mortars and plasters. Water Retention is directly measured through the absorption of water from the mortar by the substrate. Various substrates may be chosen by the user based on the intended use of the tested mortar. This test method defines such substrates. Comparisons can be made between different mortars on the same substrate or the same mortar on different substrates.  
1.2 This test method provides a water retention value via direct water loss, while Test Method C1506 provides a water retention value via mortar flow.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the Safety Data Sheet for safety information regarding the materials being tested.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C183/C183M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.  
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling natural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement (Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (Specification C150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), hydraulic cement based on a performance specification (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement (Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specification C1329/C1329M), and  
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M, or C845/C845M. If the code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.  
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifications. The testing is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C188-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures. The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids. The apparatus to be used is a Le Chatelier flask which is circular in cross-section. This flask shall be thoroughly annealed before being graduated. They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonable resistance to breakage. Each flask shall bear a permanent identification number and the stopper, if not interchangeably ground, shall bear the same number. Interchangeable ground-glass parts shall be marked on both members with the standard-taper symbol, followed by the size designation. The standard temperature shall be indicated, and the unit of capacity shall be shown by the letters “mL” placed above the highest graduation mark. Kerosene, free of water, or naphtha shall be used in the density determination. The flask shall be filled with either of the liquids mentioned to a point on the stem between the 0 and the 1-mL mark. The inside of the flask shall be dried above the level of the liquid, if necessary, after pouring. The first reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. A quantity of cement shall be introduced in small increments at the same temperature as the liquid. A vibrating apparatus may be used to accelerate the introduction of the cement into the flask and to prevent the cement from sticking to the neck. After all the cement has been introduced, the stopper shall be placed in the flask and the flask shall be rolled in an inclined position, or gently whirl it in a horizontal circle, so as to free the cement from air until no further air bubbles rise to the surface of the liquid. If a proper amount of cement has been added, the level of the liquid will be in its final position at some point of the upper series of graduations. The final reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. The difference between the first and the final readings represents the volume of liquid displaced by the mass of cement used in the test. The cement density can now be determined.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for the determination of density of hydraulic cement samples using non-instrumental techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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