ASTM D3859-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water
Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.
4.3 These test methods determine the dominant species of selenium reportedly found in most natural and wastewaters, including selenities, selenates, and organo-selenium compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters. Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:
Sections
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3
7 – 16
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS
17 – 26
1.2 These test methods are applicable to both inorganic and organic forms of dissolved selenium. They are applicable also to particulate forms of the element, provided that they are solubilized in the appropriate acid digestion step. However, certain selenium-containing heavy metallic sediments may not undergo digestion.
1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the following ranges:
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3
1 to 20 μg/L
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS
2 to 100 μg/L
These ranges may be extended (with a corresponding loss in precision) by decreasing the sample size or diluting the original sample, but concentrations much greater than the upper limits are more conveniently determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.12 and 13.14.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3859 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Selenium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved 2.1 ASTM Standards:
andtotalrecoverableseleniuminmostwatersandwastewaters. D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
follows: D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Sections
2, 3
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS 7–16
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS 17–26
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by
1.2 These test methods are applicable to both inorganic and
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
organic forms of dissolved selenium. They are applicable also
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
to particulate forms of the element, provided that they are
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
solubilized in the appropriate acid digestion step. However,
D5673 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively
certain selenium-containing heavy metallic sediments may not
Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
undergo digestion.
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
following ranges:
2, 3
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS 1to20µg/L
3. Terminology
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS 2 to 100 µg/L
These ranges may be extended (with a corresponding loss in
3.1 Definitions:
precision)bydecreasingthesamplesizeordilutingtheoriginal
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
sample, but concentrations much greater than the upper limits
refer to Terminology D1129.
are more conveniently determined by flame atomic absorption
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
spectrometry.
3.2.1 total recoverable selenium, n—a descriptive term
relating to the selenium forms recovered in the acid-digestion
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
procedure specified in these test methods.
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
4. Significance and Use
tion only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the exceed 10 µg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- concentrationsashighasseveralhundredmicrogramsperlitre.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant
statements, see 11.12 and 13.14. source of selenium in rivers and streams.
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have
been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
monitor its concentration.
Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved March 15, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3859 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D3859-15.
2 4
Lansford, M., McPherson, E. M., and Fishman, M. J., Atomic Absorption For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Newsletter, Vol 13, No. 4, 1974, pp. 103–105. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Pollack, E. N., and West, S. J., Atomic Absorption Newsletter, Vol 12, No. 1, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1973, pp. 6–8. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3859 − 08 D3859 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Selenium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters.
Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:
Sections
23
colname="col2" colwidth="0.97in">
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS 7 to 16
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS 17 to 26
Sections
2, 3
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS 7 – 16
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS 17 – 26
1.2 These test methods are applicable to both inorganic and organic forms of dissolved selenium. They are applicable also to
particulate forms of the element, provided that they are solubilized in the appropriate acid digestion step. However, certain
selenium-containing heavy metallic sediments may not undergo digestion.
1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the following ranges:
colwidth="44.07*"/COLSPEC
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride 1 to 20 μg/L
2
, 3
AAS
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace 2 to 100 μg/L
AAS
These ranges may be extended (with a corresponding loss in precision) by decreasing the sample size or diluting the original
sample, but concentrations much greater than the upper limits are more conveniently determined by flame atomic absorption
spectrometry.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this The values
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.12 and 13.14.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008March 15, 2015. Published October 2008April 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D3859 – 03.D3859 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D3859-08.10.1520/D3859-15.
2
Lansford, M., McPherson, E. M., and Fishman, M. J., Atomic Absorption Newsletter, Vol 13(4)13, No. 4, 1974, pp. 103–105. Pollack, E. N., and West, S. J., Atomic
Absorption Newsletter , Vol 12(1) , 1973, pp. 6–8.
3
Pollack, E. N., and West, S. J., Atomic Absorption Newsletter , Vol 12, No. 1, 1973, pp. 6–8.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3859 − 15
D5673 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 total recoverable selenium—selenium, n—an arbitrary analytical a descriptive term relating to the recoverable forms of
selenium that are determinable by the digestion proce
...
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