ASTM D5134-21

Standard Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon components comprising a petroleum naphtha, reformate, or alkylate is useful in valuation of crude oils, in alkylation and reforming process control, in product quality assessment, and for regulatory purposes. Detailed hydrocarbon composition is also used as input in the mathematical modeling of refinery processes.  
5.2 Separation of naphtha components by the procedure described in this test method can result in some peaks that represent coeluting compounds. This test method cannot attribute relative concentrations to the coelutants. In the absence of supporting information, use of the results of this test method for purposes which require such attribution is not recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon components paraffins, naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane (bp 150.8 °C) are determined as a single group.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (D1319 or D6839. The hydrocarbon mixture must have a 98 % point of 250 °C or less as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.  
1.3 Components that are present at the 0.05 % by mass level or greater can be determined.  
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for PNA above carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839 may be used to verify or complement the results of this test method for carbon numbers >C7.  
1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729, D6730, or D6733.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5134 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane
1
by Capillary Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Despite the many advances in capillary gas chromatography instrumentation and the remarkable
resolution achievable, it has proven difficult to standardize a test method for the analysis of a mixture
as complex as petroleum naphtha. Because of the proliferation of numerous, similar columns and the
endless choices of phase thickness, column internal diameter, length, etc., as well as instrument
operating parameters, many laboratories use similar but not identical methods for the capillary GC
analysis of petroleum naphthas. Even minute differences in column polarity or column oven
temperature, for example, can change resolution or elution order of components and make their
identification an individual interpretive process rather than the desirable, objective application of
standard retention data. To avoid this, stringent column specifications and temperature and flow
conditions have been adopted in this test method to ensure consistent elution order and resolution and
reproducible retention times. Strict adherence to the specified conditions is essential to the successful
application of this test method.
1. Scope* 1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing
samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729,
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method
D6730,or D6733.
coversthedeterminationofhydrocarboncomponentsparaffins,
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane
standard.
(bp 150.8°C) are determined as a single group.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (<2%
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
olefins by liquid volume) liquid hydrocarbon mixtures includ-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing virgin naphthas, reformates, and alkylates. Olefin content
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
can be determined by Test Method D1319 or D6839. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hydrocarbon mixture must have a 98% point of 250°C or less
Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.
as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Componentsthatarepresentatthe0.05%bymasslevel
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or greater can be determined.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
PNAabove carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839
may be used to verify or complement the results of this test
2. Referenced Documents
method for carbon numbers >C7.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1319Test Method for HydrocarbonTypes in Liquid Petro-
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5134–13 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5134-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5134 − 21
TABLE 1 Typical Retention Characteristics of Naphtha Components
NOTE 1—The abbreviations N and P refer to unidentified naphthenes and paraffins respectively.
Adjust
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5134 − 13 (Reapproved 2017) D5134 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane
1
by Capillary Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Despite the many advances in capillary gas chromatography instrumentation and the remarkable
resolution achievable, it has proven difficult to standardize a test method for the analysis of a mixture
as complex as petroleum naphtha. Because of the proliferation of numerous, similar columns and the
endless choices of phase thickness, column internal diameter, length, etc., as well as instrument
operating parameters, many laboratories use similar but not identical methods for the capillary GC
analysis of petroleum naphthas. Even minute differences in column polarity or column oven
temperature, for example, can change resolution or elution order of components and make their
identification an individual interpretive process rather than the desirable, objective application of
standard retention data. To avoid this, stringent column specifications and temperature and flow
conditions have been adopted in this test method to ensure consistent elution order and resolution and
reproducible retention times. Strict adherence to the specified conditions is essential to the successful
application of this test method.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA) test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon components paraffins,
naphthenes, and monoaromatics (PNA) of petroleum naphthas as enumerated in Table 1. Components eluting after n-nonane (bp
150.8 °C) are determined as a single group.
1.2 This test method is applicable to olefin-free (<2 % olefins by liquid volume) liquid hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin
naphthas, reformates, and alkylates. Olefin content can be determined by Test Method D1319 or D6839. The hydrocarbon mixture
must have a 98 % point of 250 °C or less as determined by Test Method D3710 or D7096 or equivalent.
1.3 Components that are present at the 0.05 % by mass level or greater can be determined.
1.4 This test method may not be completely accurate for PNA above carbon number C7; Test Method D5443 or D6839 may be
used to verify or complement the results of this test method for carbon numbers >C7.
1.5 Detailed hydrocarbon components in olefin containing samples may be determined by DHA Test Methods D6729, D6730, or
D6733.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2021. Published November 2017December 2021. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20132017
as D5134 – 13.D5134 – 13 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D5134-13R17.10.1520/D5134-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5134 − 21
TABLE 1 Typical Retention Characteristics of Naphtha Components
NOTE 1—The abbreviations N and P refer to unidentified naphthenes and paraffins respectively.
Adjusted Retention Kovats Retention
Compound Retention Time, min Linear Retention Index
Time, min Index @ 35 °C
Methane 3.57 0.00 100.0 .
Ethane 3.65 0.08 200.0 .
Propane 3.84 0.27 300.0 .
Isobutane 4.14 0.57 367.3 .
n-Butane 4.39 0.82 400.0 .
2,2-Dimethylpropane 4.53 0.96 415.5 .
Isopentane 5.33 1.76 475.0 .
n-Pentane 5.84 2.27 500.0 .
2,2-Dimethylbutane 6.81 3.24 536.2 .
Cyclopentane 7.83 4.26 564.1 .
2,3-Dimethylbutane 7.89 4.32 565.5 .
2-Methylpentane 8.06 4.49 569.5 .
3-Methylpentane 8.72 5.15 583.4 .
n-Hexane 9.63 6.06 600.0 .
2,2-Dimethylpentane 11.22 7.65 624.2 .
Methylcyclopentane 11.39 7.82 626.5 .
2,4-Dimethylpentane 11.68 8.11 630.3 .
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 12.09 8.52 635.4 .
Benzene 13.29 9.72 649.1 .
3,3-dimethylpentane 13.84 10.27 654.8 .
Cyclohexane 14.19 10.62 658.3 .
2-Methylhexane 15.20 11.63 667.8 .
2,3-Dimethylpentane 15.35 11.78 669.1 .
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane 15.61 12.04 671.4 .
3-Methylhex
...