ASTM D6773-16

Standard Test Method for Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Reliable, controlled flow of bulk solids from bins and hoppers is essential in almost every industrial facility. Unfortunately, flow stoppages due to arching and ratholing are common. Additional problems include uncontrolled flow (flooding) of powders, segregation of particle mixtures, usable capacity which is significantly less than design capacity, caking and spoilage of bulk solids in stagnant zones, and structural failures.  
5.2 By measuring the flow properties of bulk solids, and designing bins and hoppers based on these flow properties, most flow problems can be prevented or eliminated (1).3  
5.3 For bulk solids with a significant percentage of particles (typically, one third or more) finer than about 6 mm (1/4 in.), the unconfined yield strength is governed by the fines (−6 mm fraction). For such bulk solids, strength and wall friction tests may be performed on the fine fraction only.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the testing or inspection (or both) of soil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this standard. However, users of this standard should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this standard. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedures for measuring the unconfined yield strength of bulk solids during both continuous flow and after storage at rest. In addition, measurements of internal friction, bulk density, and wall friction on various wall surfaces are included.  
1.2 This test method covers operation of the manually-controlled Schulze Ring Shear Tester. An automated version of this tester is also available. Its method of testing bulk solids is similar in principle to that described in this test method.  
1.3 The most common use of this information is in the design of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppages due to arching and ratholing, including the slope and smoothness of hopper walls to provide mass flow. Parameters for structural design of such equipment may also be derived from this data. Another application is the measurement of the flowability of bulk solids, for example, for comparison of different products or optimization.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives: and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respons...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2016
• ICS: 59.080.01 - Textiles in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.24 - Characterization and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6773 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6773; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for measuring the unconfined yield strength of bulk solids
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
during both continuous flow and after storage at rest. In
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
addition, measurements of internal friction, bulk density, and
wall friction on various wall surfaces are included.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This test method covers operation of the manually-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
controlledSchulzeRingShearTester.Anautomatedversionof
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
this tester is also available. Its method of testing bulk solids is
Fluids
similar in principle to that described in this test method.
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
1.3 The most common use of this information is in the
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
design of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppages
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
due to arching and ratholing, including the slope and smooth-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
ness of hopper walls to provide mass flow. Parameters for
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
structural design of such equipment may also be derived from
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
this data. Another application is the measurement of the
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
flowability of bulk solids, for example, for comparison of
Construction Materials Testing
different products or optimization.
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D6128Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Using
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
the Jenike Shear Cell
Practice D6026.
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
3. Terminology
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the 3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of technical terms
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
4. Summary of Test Method
ations for the user’s objectives: and it is common practice to
4.1 A representative specimen of bulk solid is placed in a
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
shear cell of specific dimensions.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
4.2 When running an instantaneous or time shear test, a
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
normal load is applied to the cover, and the specimen is
methods for engineering design.
presheared until a steady state shear value has been reached.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
The shear stress is then immediately reduced to zero.
as standard. No other units of measure are included in this
4.3 An instantaneous test is run by shearing the specimen
standard.
under a reduced normal load until the shear force goes through
a maximum value and then begins to decrease.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization
2
and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6773–08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6773-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6773 − 16
4.4 A time shear test is run similarly to an instantaneous controlled from the front pane
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6773 − 08 D6773 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6773; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedures for measuring the unconfined yield strength of bulk solids during both
continuous flow and after storage at rest. In addition, measurements of internal friction, bulk density, and wall friction on various
wall surfaces are included.
1.2 This test method covers operation of the manually-controlled Schulze Ring Shear Tester. An automated version of this tester
is also available. Its method of testing bulk solids is similar in principle to that described in this test method.
1.3 The most common use of this information is in the design of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppages due to
arching and ratholing, including the slope and smoothness of hopper walls to provide mass flow. Parameters for structural design
of such equipment may also be derived from this data. Another application is the measurement of the flowability of bulk solids,
for example, for comparison of different products or optimization.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives:
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurementmeasure are included in
this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6128 Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Using the Jenike Shear Tester
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization and
Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008Feb. 1, 2016. Published November 2008March 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D6773 – 02.D6773 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6773-08.10.1520/D6773-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6773 − 16
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adhesion test, n—a static wall friction test with time consol
...