ASTM A700-99e1
(Practice)Standard Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
Standard Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the packaging, marking, and loading of steel products for domestic shipment. Assuming proper handling in transit, the practices are intended to deliver the products to their destination in good condition. It is also intended that these recommendations be used as guides for attaining uniformity, simplicity, adequacy, and economy in the domestic shipment of steel products.
1.2 These practices cover semi-finished steel products, bars, bar-size shapes and sheet piling, rods, wire and wire products, tubular products, plates, sheets, and strips, tin mill products, and castings. A glossary of packaging, marking, and loading terms is also included.
1.3 The practices are presented in the following sequence: SectionGeneral Provisions 4General 4.1Railcar Loading4.2Truck Loading 4.3Barge Loading 4.4Air Shipment4.5Packaging Materials4.6Package Identification4.7Weight and Count 4.8Packaging Lists or Tally4.9Loss or Damage4.10Semifinished Steel Products 5Hot-Rolled Bars and Bar-Size Shapes6Cold-Finished Bars7Structural Shapes and Steel Sheet Piling8Rods, Wire, and Wire Products9Tubular Products10Plates11Sheets and Strip12Tin Mill Products13Castings14
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A 700–99
Standard Practices for
Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel
Products for Domestic Shipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—In 8.2.1.2, the standard size of a steel die-stamp was corrected editorially in October 2000.
1. Scope D 245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
1.1 These practices cover the packaging, marking, and
D 774 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
loading of steel products for domestic shipment. Assuming
D 828 Test Methods for Tensile Breaking Strength of Paper
proper handling in transit, the practices are intended to deliver
and Paperboard
the products to their destination in good condition. It is also
D 2555 Test Methods for Establishing Clear-Wood Strength
intended that these recommendations be used as guides for
Values
attaining uniformity, simplicity, adequacy, and economy in the
D 3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
domestic shipment of steel products.
2.2 Association of American Railroads:
1.2 These practices cover semi-finished steel products, bars,
Rules Governing the Loading of Commodities on Open Top
bar-size shapes and sheet piling, rods, wire and wire products,
Cars
tubular products, plates, sheets, and strips, tin mill products,
Pamphlet 23 —The Rules Governing the Loading of Steel
and castings. A glossary of packaging, marking, and loading
Products in Closed Cars and Protection of Equipment
terms is also included.
2.3 American Society of Agricultural Engineers:
1.3 The practices are presented in the following sequence:
ASAE Standard S 229, Baling Wire for Automatic Balers
Section
General Provisions 4
3. Terminology
General 4.1
Railcar Loading 4.2
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Truck Loading 4.3
3.1.1 The following glossary defines packaging, marking,
Barge Loading 4.4
Air Shipment 4.5
and loading terms:
Packaging Materials 4.6
3.1.2 AAR—Association of American Railroads.
Package Identification 4.7
3.1.3 “A” end of car—arbitrary definition used to describe
Weight and Count 4.8
Packaging Lists or Tally 4.9
the end of a freight car opposite the end on which the manual
Loss or Damage 4.10
brake control is located. In the event there is a manual brake
Semifinished Steel Products 5
control on both ends, the ends are designated by stenciling the
Hot-Rolled Bars and Bar-Size Shapes 6
Cold-Finished Bars 7
letters “A” and “B” respectively on both sides near the ends.
Structural Shapes and Steel Sheet Piling 8
3.1.4 air tool— tool operated by air pressure used for strap
Rods, Wire, and Wire Products 9
tensioning, sealing, nailing, etc.
Tubular Products 10
Plates 11
3.1.5 anchor plate—a plate that is nailed to side or floor of
Sheets and Strip 12
car used to attach steel strapping for load securement.
Tin Mill Products 13
Castings 14 3.1.6 anchor tie—a coil eye-tie that is applied in a special
manner to resistant movement on bar or rod coils. A typical
2. Referenced Documents
method is to wrap the tie around several strands, then around
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the complete coil.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
1 3
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from Association of American Railroads, American Railroads Bldg.,
A01.94 on Government Specifications. 1920 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20036.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally AvailablefromAmericanSocietyofAgriculturalEngineers,2950NilesRd.,St.
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published as A 700–74. Last previous edition A 700–90 (1996) . Joseph, MI 49085.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A700–99
3.1.7 anti-skid plate—a device with sharp projections 3.1.29 bumper block—material affixed to ends or sides of a
placed under the package to retard shifting of the load in unit or load to prevent damaging contact.
transit.
3.1.30 bundle— two or more pieces secured together.
3.1.8 “A”rack—arackbuiltintheformoftheletter“A”for
3.1.31 cleat—a piece of material, such as wood or metal,
storing steel bars.
attached to a structural body to strengthen, secure, or furnish a
3.1.9 asphalt-laminated paper—paper used for packaging
grip.
orshrouding,orboth,composedoftwoormoresheetsofpaper
3.1.32 clinched tie—a coil eye-tie (round wire) that is
bonded by asphalt.
tensioned after manual twisting. Normally done with special
3.1.10 back-up cleat—wood strip nailed to floor or side of
twisting tool or a bar.
car to strengthen or prevent displacement of the primary
3.1.33 coil—a continuous length of wire, bar, rod, strip,
blocking.
sheet, etc., cylindrically wound.
3.1.11 banding, band—See strapping.
3.1.34 coil car—railroad car specially equipped for the
3.1.12 bandprotector—materialusedunderpackageorload
transportation of sheet or strip coils.
ties to protect product from damage and to prevent shearing of
3.1.35 coil carrier—a carrying and dispensing device pri-
the package ties.
marily for wire coils.
3.1.13 bare—any product that has not been protectively
3.1.36 coil group— two or more coils secured into a unit
wrapped or covered when packaged.
that can be handled as a single package.
3.1.14 barrel, slack—wooden barrel, not watertight by con-
3.1.37 coil skid— See (coil) platform.
struction, used for solid materials.
3.1.38 core—a cylinder on which coiled products are
3.1.15 basis weight—standard weight accepted by trade
wound and which remains in the inside diameter after winding.
customs, based upon standard size for the given class of
3.1.39 corrosion inhibitor—any material used by the steel
material. The weights of all other standard sizes are propor-
industry to inhibit corrosion. This includes chemicals, oils,
tionate to the size and weight established for the given class of
treated packaging materials, etc.
material.
3.1.40 corrugated box—shipping container made of corru-
3.1.16 batten strips—strips of wood used to protect ma-
gated fiber board.
chined surface or projections on castings from damage by the
3.1.41 covered—top, sides, and ends of package covered
securing tie or contact with other objects. Their location is
with paper under the ties.
optional but must be so located to afford maximum protection.
3.1.17 bearing pieces—supports beneath but not secured to 3.1.42 crate—a container of open-frame construction.
lift, package, or load.
3.1.43 cross member “DF”— a wood or metal support of
3.1.18 belt rails—perforated angle or channel, running
rated strength that is attached to the belt rails of a vehicle and
lengthwise at various levels along wall of vehicle, used to affix that may be used with or without a bulkhead to contain the
load-securement devices such as cross members or bulkheads.
load.
3.1.19 “B”endofcar—theendofafreightcaronwhichthe
3.1.44 cushion underframe—a device affixed to the under-
manual brake control is located. In the event there is a manual
frame of a railroad car to absorb longitudinal shocks caused by
brake control on both ends, the ends are designated by
impacts.
stenciling the letters “A” and “B” respectively, on both sides
3.1.45 damage-free box car—box car equipped with load
near the ends.
securement.
3.1.20 beveled— usually refers to a packaging or loading
3.1.46 deck—top surface of a platform or pallet.
member with ends or edges cut at an angle other than 90 deg.
3.1.47 desiccant—chemical used to absorb moisture.
3.1.21 binder—a clamping device used to secure chains or
3.1.48 double deck—two-level stacking.
cables.
3.1.49 double-door box car—box car equipped with two
3.1.22 blocking—material used to prevent or control move-
doors on each side. The doors may be staggered or directly
ment of the unit or load or to facilitate handling.
opposite.
3.1.23 box—a fully enclosed rigid container having length,
3.1.50 drums—fiber or metal cylindrical containers.
width, and depth.
3.1.51 eye (of coil)—center opening of coil.
3.1.24 box car—a freight car completely enclosed by ends,
3.1.52 eye vertical—placement of coil with eye of coil
sides, and roof equipped with doors to permit entry of loading
vertical.
equipment and lading.
3.1.53 filler block—wood block used to fill voids when
3.1.25 bracing—materialusedtomaketheunitorloadfirm
necessary for effective packaging or loading.
or rigid.
3.1.54 fixed bulkhead—immovable bulkhead permanently
3.1.26 brand—producer’s or consumer’s identification
attached to car.
marks.
3.1.55 floating load—a rail load that is permitted to move in
3.1.27 bulkhead—fabricated and affixed barrier used to
a longitudinal direction so that impact shocks are dissipated
prevent lengthwise movements of a unit or load.
through movement of the load.
3.1.28 bulkhead, movable—bulkhead, part of railroad
equipment, that is capable of being adjusted for load secure- 3.1.56 gondola—a freight car with sides and ends but
ment. without a top covering. May be equipped with high or low
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A700–99
sides, drop or fixed ends, solid or drop bottoms, and is used for 3.1.83 loose—often used to mean shipping unsecured.
shipment of any commodity not requiring protection from the
3.1.84 LTL—less truck load; quantities shipped in amounts
weather.
less than truck load.
3.1.57 gondola, covered—a gondola with a movable or
3.1.85 marking—term applied to any of several methods of
removable cover. Used for the shipment of any commodity that
identifying steel products such as stenciling, stamping, free
requires protection from the weather.
handwriting, printing, or bar coding.
3.1.58 gondola, drop-end—a gondola with ends in the form
3.1.86 metal package—a paper-wrapped package enclosed
of doors which can be lowered to facilitate loading and
with metal intended for overseas shipment.
unloading, or for transporting long material that extends
3.1.87 multiple lift—usually refers to unsecured individual
beyond the ends of the car.
lifts of sheets combined one on top of another to make a
3.1.59 gondola, fixed-end—a gondola with fixed ends and
package.
sides but without top covering.
3.1.88 MVT—moisture vapor transmission.
3.1.60 gondola, low-side—a gondola with car sides under
3.1.89 nailable steel floor—steel floor designed with slots
45 in. (1.14 m).
or perforations to permit nailing of lumber blocking.
3.1.61 greaseproof paper—paper treated to inhibit absorp-
3.1.90 nestable steel products—rolled or formed steel
tion of grease or oil.
products or containers that can be fitted into each other when
3.1.62 gross weight—See definitions under weights.
packaged or loaded.
3.1.63 guide strips—lumber secured to car floor to prevent
3.1.91 net weight—See definition under weights.
lateral movement of lading.
3.1.92 OD—outside diameter or outside dimension.
3.1.64 hand bundle—a secured or unsecured unit that can
3.1.93 oilproof—a term used to describe packaging materi-
be handled manually.
als that are oil resistant.
3.1.65 headerboard—bulkhead on the front end of a trailer
3.1.94 package—one or more articles or pieces contained or
to protect the cab from shifting of the load.
secured into a single unit.
3.1.66 ID—inside diameter or inside dimension.
3.1.95 pallet—a structure of wood, metal, or other materials
3.1.67 idler car— flat car or drop-end gondola placed
having two faces separated by stringers. Either or both faces
adjacent to a car carrying an overhanging load.
may be solid or skeleton construction.
3.1.68 insert—asupportusedintheinsidediameterofacoil
3.1.96 piggy back—highway trailers transported on freight
placed in position after the coil is formed to prevent collapse.
cars.
3.1.69 integral cover—a retractable permanently affixed
3.1.97 platform—a structure of wood, metal, or other ma-
cover on a gondola or flat car.
terials consisting of a deck supported by runners used to
3.1.70 interleaving—placing paper between sheets in a lift
facilitate mechanical handling. The deck may be solid or
or between coil wraps for protection against abrasion.
skeleton.
3.1.71 interlocking—procedure for stacking small channels
3.1.98 pneumatic tool—a tool operated by air pressure for
and shapes.
purpose of tensioning, sealing, nailing, etc.
3.1.72 joint strength—thetensionmeasuredinpoundsthata
3.1.99 polyethylene—asyntheticmaterialusedasafreefilm
tied joint can withstand before the joint slips or breaks.
or in combination with other materials (usually paper) as a
3.1.73 keg—a small barrel.
protective wrap, cover, or shroud.
3.1.74 knee brace—a triangular brace against the load
3.1.100 port mark—marking that identifies the port of
consisting of a vertical and a diagonal member used to prevent
discharge.
shifting of the load. It is frequently supplemented with cleats.
3.1.101 racks, storage—a structure on which material is
3.1.75 kraft paper—wood pulp paper made by the sulfate
stored.
process.
3.1.102 reel—any device with a flange on each end of
3.1.76 label—paper or other material affixed to the package
which material may be wound, having a flange diameter of 12
containing identification of product, consignee, producer, etc.
in. (305 mm) or over.
3.1.77 lagging—narrow strips of protective material, usu-
3.1.103 retarderplates—formedmetalplatessecuredtothe
ally wood, spaced at intervals around a cylindrical object as
floor through which unit securement bands are threaded. They
protection against mechanical damage.
are used to retard movement of loads.
3.1.78 laminant—thebondingagentusedtocombinetwoor
3.1.104 rub rail:
more sheeted materials such as films, foils, paper, etc. Often
—a rail extending around the perimeter of a flat-bed trailer.
selected to improve barrier qualities of the laminated product.
—a buffer strip used in a conveyance between the side and
3.1.79 lift—a unit prepared for handling by mechanical
the lading.
equipment. It may be either secured or loose.
—a guide on flat cars used in TOFC service.
3.1.80 lift truck—a wheeled device used to lift and to
3.1.105 runner—member supporting platform deck.
transport material. May be a fork lift, ram lift, platform, or
3.1.106 rust inhibitor—a chemical agent used to retard
straddle truck.
oxidation.
3.1.81 light weight—See definition under weights.
3.1.107 seal:
3.1.82 load limit—the maximum load in pounds that the
conveyanc
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