ASTM D3025-86(1999)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
Standard Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of reference standard cottons for the standardization of instruments and techniques used to test cotton fibers in various laboratories.
1.2 Standardization may be achieved by application of a correction factor based on the reference standards, or by modification of the technique in use.
Note 1--When reference standards are used to develop correction factors, or to adjust an operator's technique, no instrument calibration processes are involved. The term "Calibration" is properly used for the application or assignment of permanent scales or marks to an instrument. Adjustments can be made to specific instruments and accessories such as orifices, metallic strips, or cellophane sheets, in order to obtain the prescribed values with a specific instrument. Since an operator's technique or the interpretation of a method or procedure is inherently variable, it cannot be calibrated, that is, assigned a permanent, definite value. The use of reference standards, however, affords a means for standardizing techniques and checking the reliability of observed results.
1.3 This practice recognizes two types of reference standards: (1) calibration cotton standards (see 6.1) and (2) working cotton standards (see 6.2 ).
1.4 The instructions included in this practice can be used with cotton fibers in any form suitable for testing with the particular instrument to be used.
1.5 The instructions in the practice are applicable to cotton fibers but can also be applied to specific blends of cotton and other fibers, or to other fibers that can be tested with the instruments designed for testing cotton fibers. No information is available, however, to show that test procedures standardized with reference cotton samples are equally reliable with various cotton fiber blends or with other fibers.
Note 2--Standardization procedures covered in this practice are recommended for use with the following: Test Methods D1440, D1445, D1447, and D1448.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3025 – 86 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of
Calibration Cotton Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the use of reference standard 2.1 ASTM Standards:
cottons for the standardization of instruments and techniques D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
used to test cotton fibers in various laboratories. D 1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
1.2 Standardization may be achieved by application of a Cotton Fibers (Array Method)
correction factor based on the reference standards, or by D 1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
modification of the technique in use. of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
D 1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
NOTE 1—When reference standards are used to develop correction
Cotton Fibers By Fibrograph Measurement
factors, or to adjust an operator’s technique, no instrument calibration
D 1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton
processes are involved. The term “Calibration” is properly used for the
application or assignment of permanent scales or marks to an instrument. Fibers
Adjustments can be made to specific instruments and accessories such as
3. Terminology
orifices, metallic strips, or cellophane sheets, in order to obtain the
prescribed values with a specific instrument. Since an operator’s technique
3.1 Definitions:
or the interpretation of a method or procedure is inherently variable, it
3.1.1 calibration cotton standard, n—cotton samples taken
cannot be calibrated, that is, assigned a permanent, definite value. The use
from blended bulk source on which fiber properties have been
of reference standards, however, affords a means for standardizing
determined under the International Calibration Cotton Stan-
techniques and checking the reliability of observed results.
dards Program. (Syn. international calibration cotton)
1.3 This practice recognizes two types of reference stan-
3.1.2 reference standard, n— in cotton testing, a homoge-
dards: (1) calibration cotton standards (see 6.1) and (2)
neous lot of cotton having a known or accepted value for one
working cotton standards (see 6.2).
or more physical properties.
1.4 The instructions included in this practice can be used
3.1.3 working cotton standard, n—a reference standard
with cotton fibers in any form suitable for testing with the
developed primarily for use within a specific laboratory. (Syn.
particular instrument to be used.
within-laboratory cotton standard)
1.5 The instructions in the practice are applicable to cotton
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, refer
fibers but can also be applied to specific blends of cotton and
to Terminology D 123.
other fibers, or to other fibers that can be tested with the
instruments designed for testing cotton fibers. No information
4. Summary of Practice
is available, however, to show that test procedures standardized
4.1 Testing instruments are adjusted in accordance with
with reference cotton samples are equally reliable with various
engineering principles to ensure that they correspond properly
cotton fiber blends or with other fibers.
to the manufacturer’s calibration scales and instructions for the
NOTE 2—Standardization procedures covered in this practice are rec-
operation of the instrument.
ommended for use with the following: Test Methods D 1440, D 1445,
4.2 Technicians are instructed to operate testings instru-
D 1447, and D 1448.
ments in a consistent manner utilizing appropriate prescribed
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the ASTM methods.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 Specimens of the working cotton standard or calibration
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and cotton standard are tested before and periodically during the
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- routine testing of cotton samples using the same techniques for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. all specimens tested.
4.4 Observed values for samples tested are adjusted through
use of a correction factor calculated from observed values
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved March 27, 1986. Published May 1986. Originally
published as D 3025–72 T. Last previous edition D 3025–75 (1980). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3025
obtained on reference standards to secure comparative level of adjustments (instruments) to be in order, may then be used as
measurement. a basis for modification of technique, or if correction factors
are to be used, the basis for the initiation of testing of unknown
5. Significance and Use
samples. Correction factors should be based on determinations
made before, during, and at the completion of routine testing.
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide guiding
principles for the use of reference standard cottons for the
6. Reference Samples
standardization of instruments and techniques to obtain repro-
ducible test results (within statistical limits) when the tests are
6.1 Calibration Cotton Standards:
performed on samples of cotton fibers by the same or different 6.1.1 Calibration cotton standards are furnished with a
operators at the same or different times, both within the same
statement of the mean values for one or more physical
laboratory and in different laboratories. characteristics, along with the precision of the quoted mean
5.2 Results obtained on cotton fiber tests on the same
value. Such standards should be used only for those physical
sample may vary widely due to differences in instruments and characteristics for which mean values have been furnished.
operator techniques. Some variation in test result levels can be
6.2 Working Cotton Standards:
controlled by the physical adjustment of instruments in accor- 6.2.1 Using working cotton standards conserves the supply
dance with manufacturers’ instruction. Instrument adjustments
of the more expensive calibration cotton standards. Well before
are made only to cause instrument values to coincide with the supply of a working cotton standard has been depleted, a
specified calibration points established by the manufacturer.
new working cotton standard should be prepared. It is good
Other variations in cotton fiber test results are caused by laboratory practice to run the old and new working cotton
differences in technique used in specimen preparation, errors in
standards in parallel for a period of time sufficient to ensure
reading test values from scales, variation in the reference that no changes in test result levels will occur at the time of
standard, and sampling errors in specimen selection. It is
changing to the new supply of working cotton standard.
necessary that the mean value of at least four sets
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