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ASTM D1994-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt Adhesives

Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt Adhesives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acidic hot-melt adhesives are useful in many applications, as the acid functionality can contribute to better substrate wetting and better adhesion to polar, nonporous surfaces.
Acidic hot-melt adhesives are also quite corrosive to conventional iron and steel adhesive application equipment. The acid number determination will tell an equipment manufacturer if corrosion-resistant equipment for an application should be recommended. The need for corrosion-resistant equipment will vary depending on the acid number of the hot-melt adhesive and type of metal that will be bonded.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acid numbers of hot-melt adhesives.
1.2 This test method is applicable for hot-melt and hot-melt/acid systems that are soluble under the conditions described. The hot melt must also give light- or medium-colored solutions when dissolved. If this is not the case another method must be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific caution statements are given in 7.1 and 7.2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.14 - Tape and Labels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1994-95(2000) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt Adhesives
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM D1994-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt AdhesivesASTM D1994-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt Adhesives
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ASTM D1994-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt Adhesives
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1994 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Determination of Acid Numbers of Hot-Melt Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Acidic hot-melt adhesives are also quite corrosive to
conventional iron and steel adhesive application equipment.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acid
The acid number determination will tell an equipment manu-
numbers of hot-melt adhesives.
facturer if corrosion-resistant equipment for an application
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicableforhot-meltandhot-melt/
should be recommended. The need for corrosion-resistant
acid systems that are soluble under the conditions described.
equipment will vary depending on the acid number of the
Thehotmeltmustalsogivelight-ormedium-coloredsolutions
hot-melt adhesive and type of metal that will be bonded.
when dissolved. If this is not the case another method must be
used.
5. Reagents
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate—pH standard, dried and
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
purified (suitable as an acidimetric standard).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Potassium Hydroxide/Methanol Titrant (0.1N)—
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Dissolve 6 to7gof potassium hydroxide (KOH) in methanol,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
industrial grade, and dilute to 1 Lwith methanol. This solution
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
should be standardized before use (see Section 6).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific caution
5.3 Phenolphthalein Indicating Solution (2.5 g/L)—
statements are given in 7.1 and 7.2.
Dissolve 0.5 g of phenolphthalein in 200 mL of methanol.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Toluene—Reagent grade.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.5 Deionized Water.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
6. Calibration and Standardization
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6.1 Preparation of Standard Acid Solution—Dissolve 0.25
to 0.35 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate in 100 mL of
3. Terminology
deionized water.
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms found in this test
6.2 Titration of Standard Acid Solution—Add 2 mL of the
method are defined in Terminology D907.
phenolphthalein indicating solution and titrate the entire stan-
dardacidsolutionusingthemethanolicKOHsolutionprepared
4. Significance and Use
in 5.2.
4.1 Acidic hot-melt adhesives are useful in many
6.3 To calculate the normality of the methanolic KOH, use
applications, as the acid functionality can contribute to better
the following formula:
substrate wetting and better adhesion to polar, nonporous
g of phthalate 31000
~ !
surfaces.
N KOH 5
204.23 mL of KOH solution
~ !
g of phthalate
5 34.90
mL of KOH solution
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
Labels.
7. Procedure
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
7.1 Dissolve 1.80 to 2.10 g of adhesive in 200 mL of
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1994 – 95 (2000).
DOI: 10.1520/D1994-07.
toluene. (Xylene, reagent grade, may provide a safer alternate
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
solvent.) Use a thermocouple or thermometer to monitor the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperatureofthesolution,andheatthesolution(withstirring)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to 80 to 90°C (176 to 194°F) to accelerate dissolution.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1994 − 07
(Warning—Toluene boils at 111°C (232°F), so monitor the 8.2 Duplicate analyses should agree within 65 % of each
solution temperature closely and do not exceed 90°C (194°F).) other. Duplicates found to be outside this range suggest at least
Continue heating and stirring the solution until the sample a partial insolubility of the adhesive in the solvent or a partial
dissolves in the toluene (15 to 30 min normally). precipitation of the adhesive during the titration.
7.2 When the sample is dissolved, turn off the heat and
9. Report
continue to stir the solution until it has cooled to 55 to 60°
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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