ASTM E143-13

Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.Note 1—For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)3  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2013
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E143 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 angle of twist (torsion test)— the angle of relative
rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
longitudinal axis over the gauge length.
modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to
−2
materialsinwhich,andtostressesatwhich,creepisnegligible 3.1.2 shear modulus, G, [FL ],n—the ratio of shear stress
tocorrespondingshearstrainbelowtheproportionallimit,also
compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading.
Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus, called torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The value of shear modulus may de-
generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision
pend on the direction in which it is measured if the material is
and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not
not isotropic. Wood, many plastics and certain metals are
available.
markedly anisotropic. Deviations from isotropy should be
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
suspectediftheshearmodulus, G,differsfromthatdetermined
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
by substituting independently measured values of Young’s
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
modulus, E, and Poisson’s ratio, µ in the relation
information only and are not considered standard.
E
G 5 (1)
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
2 11µ
~ !
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
3.1.2.2 Discussion—In general, it is advisable, in reporting
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
values of shear modulus to state the stress range over which it
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
is measured.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
3.1.3 torque,[FL],n—amoment(offorces)thatproducesor
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tends to produce rotation or torsion.
−2
3.1.4 torsional stress [FL ],n—the shear stress in a body,
2. Referenced Documents
in a plane normal to the axis or rotation, resulting from the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
application of torque.
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
4. Summary of Test Method
terials
4.1 The cylindrical or tubular test specimen is loaded either
E111Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
incrementally or continuously by applying an external torque
and Chord Modulus
so as to cause a uniform twist within the gauge length.
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
4.1.1 Changes in torque and the corresponding changes in
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
Force Application angle of twist are determined either incrementally or continu-
ously. The appropriate slope is then calculated from the shear
3. Terminology
stress-strain curve, which may be derived under conditions of
either increasing or decreasing torque (increasing from pre-
3.1 Definitions: Terms common to mechanical testing.
torque to maximum torque or decreasing from maximum
torque to pretorque).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published May 2014. Originally
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculat-
approvedin1959.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asE143–02(2008).DOI:
10.1520/E0143-13.
ing compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
followHooke’slaw,thatis,theangleoftwistisproportionalto
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. inthedesignofrotatingshaftsandhelicalcompressionsprings.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E143 − 13
FIG. 1 Shear Stress-St
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E143 − 02 (Reapproved 2008) E143 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials
in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties
such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in
materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
−2
3.1.1 shear modulus [FL ] —the ratio of shear stress to corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also called
torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
NOTE 1—The value of shear modulus may depend on the direction in which it is measured if the material is not isotropic. Wood, many plastics and
certain metals are markedly anisotropic. Deviations from isotropy should be suspected if the shear modulus, G, differs from that determined by
substituting independently measured values of Young’s modulus, E, and Poisson’s ratio, μ in the relation
E
G 5 (1)
2~11μ!
NOTE 2—In general, it is advisable, in reporting values of shear modulus to state the stress range over which it is measured.
3.1.2 torque, [FL]—a moment (of forces) that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion.
−2
3.1.3 torsional stress [FL ]—the shear stress in a body, in a plane normal to the axis or rotation, resulting from the application
of torque.
3.1.4 angle of twist (torsion test)—the angle of relative rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
longitudinal axis over the gage length.
3.1.5 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E6.
3.1 Definitions: Terms common to mechanical testing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2008May 2014. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
E143– 02.02(2008). DOI: 10.1520/E0143-02R08.10.1520/E0143-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E143 − 13
3.1.1 angle of twist (torsion test)— the angle of relative rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
longitudinal axis over the gauge length.
−2
3.1.2 shear modulus, G, [FL ],n—the ratio of shear stress to corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also called
torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The value of shear modulus may depend on the direction in which it is measured if th
...