ASTM C1696-14a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When choosing a thermal insulation product or combination of products, physical, chemical and mechanical properties and the significance of those properties should be considered. ASTM test methods are usually performed under laboratory conditions and may not accurately represent field conditions depending on process temperature, environment, and operating conditions. Performance results obtained using ASTM test methods can be used to determine compliance of materials to specifications but do not necessarily predict installed performance. Values stated in the ASTM material standards are those that apply to the majority of materials and not to any specific product; other tested values may exist for specific material applications.
4.2 Design of thermal insulation systems requires the understanding of process requirements, temperature control, heat loss criteria, control of thermal shock, and mechanical forces on insulation generated by thermal gradients and wind environmental conditions. Sometimes, the mechanical design of piping and equipment needs to be modified to support insulation adequately and provide for insulation weatherproofing. Process requirements may dictate the control of critical temperature to prevent freezing, maintain viscosity, or minimize internal corrosion. When handling heat transfer fluids such as ethylene oxide or hot oils, the selection of insulation materials and the insulation system design becomes critical. whereby If these fluids are absorb in insulation materials, the fluid flash point could be below the fluid operating temperature. Specified heat gain or heat loss and acceptable surface temperatures could also dictate thermal design of insulation systems. Environmental corrosivity, high wind, and extreme ambient temperatures affect the selection of weatherproofing and methods of its securement. A combination of these factors plays a significant role in the selection of insulation materials and application methods to provide long-l...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on selection of insulation materials, systems design, application methods, protective coverings, guarantees, inspection, testing, and maintenance of thermal insulation primarily for industrial applications in a temperature range of -320 to 1200°F (-195.5 to 648.8°C).
1.2 This guide is intended to provide practical guidelines, by applying acceptable current practice while indicating the basic principles by which new materials can be assessed and adapted for use under widely differing conditions. Design engineers, the general contractors, the fabricators, and the insulation contractors will find this guide helpful.
1.3 Although some insulation system designs can serve as fire protection, this guide does not address the criteria specific to that need. API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems is recommended as a reference for fire protection. This guide will however address the fire properties of insulation materials.
1.4 This guide is not intended for commercial, architectural, acoustical, marine, vehicle transport, or military use.
1.5 This guide does not address insulation system design for refractory linings or cold boxes whereby these are typically package units and of a proprietary insulation design.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1696 − 14a
StandardGuide for
1
Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers information on selection of insulation
A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
materials, systems design, application methods, protective
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (With-
coverings, guarantees, inspection, testing, and maintenance of
3
drawn 2014)
thermal insulation primarily for industrial applications in a
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
temperature range of -320 to 1200°F (-195.5 to 648.8°C).
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
1.2 This guide is intended to provide practical guidelines, Vessels and for General Applications
by applying acceptable current practice while indicating the A653/A653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)
basic principles by which new materials can be assessed and
by the Hot-Dip Process
adapted for use under widely differing conditions. Design
A792/A792M Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 %
engineers, the general contractors, the fabricators, and the
Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
insulation contractors will find this guide helpful.
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
1.3 Although some insulation system designs can serve as
Sheet and Plate
fire protection, this guide does not address the criteria specific
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
to that need. API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and
Thermal Insulations
Depressuring Systems is recommended as a reference for fire C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
protection. This guide will however address the fire properties C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
of insulation materials.
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.4 This guide is not intended for commercial, architectural,
C195 Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating
acoustical, marine, vehicle transport, or military use.
Cement
C203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-
1.5 Thisguidedoesnotaddressinsulationsystemdesignfor
ties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
refractory linings or cold boxes whereby these are typically
C209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
package units and of a proprietary insulation design.
C240 Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Block
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical C272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only for Structural Sandwich Constructions
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
and are not considered standard.
formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of Pipe Insulation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C351 Test Method for Mean Specific Heat of Thermal
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on Insulation contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1696–14. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/C1696–14A. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1696 − 14a
3
Insulation (Withdrawn 2008) C1055 Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that
C354 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Thermal Produce Contact Burn Injuries
3
C1057 Practice for Determinati
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1696 − 14 C1696 − 14a
Standard Guide for
1
Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers information on selection of insulation materials, systems design, application methods, protective
coverings, guarantees, inspection, testing, and maintenance of thermal insulation primarily for industrial applications in a
temperature range of -320 to 1200°F (-195.5 to 648.8°C).
1.2 This guide is intended to provide practical guidelines, by applying acceptable current practice while indicating the basic
principles by which new materials can be assessed and adapted for use under widely differing conditions. Design engineers, the
general contractors, the fabricators, and the insulation contractors will find this guide helpful.
1.3 Although some insulation system designs can serve as fire protection, this guide does not address the criteria specific to that
need. API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems is recommended as a reference for fire protection. This
guide will however address the fire properties of insulation materials.
1.4 This guide is not intended for commercial, architectural, acoustical, marine, vehicle transport, or military use.
1.5 This guide does not address insulation system design for refractory linings or cold boxes whereby these are typically
package units and of a proprietary insulation design.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (Withdrawn 2014)
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
A653/A653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the
Hot-Dip Process
A792/A792M Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C195 Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating Cement
C203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
C209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
C240 Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on Insulation Systems.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2014. Published May 2014October 2014. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
C1696–13b.–14. DOI: 10.1520/C1696–14.10.1520/C1696–14A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1696 − 14a
C272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Structural Sandwich Constructions
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulat
...
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