C16.40 - Insulation Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to flexible closed cell insulation tubing and sheet materials manufactured according to Specifications C534 and C1427. This standard is intended to provide a basic guide for installing these types of materials.  
5.2 Confirm application use temperature is consistent with specified use temperature for material as defined in ASTM Specifications unless otherwise agreed upon with the manufacturer. There are different grades for each of the insulation types referred to in this guide, material and grade installed should be that specified.  
5.3 This guide is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, consult the National, Commercial Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA Manual) or the specific product manufacturer for recommendations, or both. See ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals – Chapter 23) and ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration – Chapter 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended installation techniques for flexible closed cell pre-formed insulation in tube or sheet form. This guide is applicable to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C534 (Elastomeric based insulation) or Specification C1427 (polyolefin based insulation). The materials covered in this guide encompass a service temperature of –297 to 300°F (–183 to 150°C) as indicated in the material specifications referenced above. Many of the recommendations made are specific to below ambient applications only.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to optimize the thermal performance and longevity of installed closed cell flexible insulation systems. By following this guide, the owner, and designer can expect to achieve the energy savings expected and prevention of condensation under the specified design conditions. This document is limited to installation procedures and does not encompass system design.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers rigid polyvinyl (PVC) jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation for pipe, rigid tubing and equipment operating at either above or below ambient temperatures in non-direct sunlight exposure.  
1.2 This material specification does not cover exposure to direct sunlight. Refer to manufacturer’s guidelines for direct sunlight exposure.  
1.3 This specification does not address PVC jacketing used as fitting covers over thermal insulation.  
1.4 This is a material specification and does not cover insulation systems of which this material is a component, nor imply that an installed insulation system using these materials will provide the physical properties and performance characteristics specified in Section 7.  
1.5 This material specification does not cover sizing calculations or installation of rigid PVC jacketing.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). This standard is intended to provide a basic practice for installing these types of materials. Refer to Specifications C1729 and C1767 for information on the differences between aluminum and stainless steel jacketing and where each is considered for use.  
5.2 This practice is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, including factory and field fabricated pipe fitting covers.
Note 1: Consult the National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA), Guide C1696, the product manufacturer, and/or project specifications for additional recommendations.  
5.3 Metal jacketing is typically used on insulated piping located outdoors, including, but not limited to, process areas and rooftops. Metal jacketing is used indoors where greater resistance to physical damage is required, for appearance, for improved fire performance, or as otherwise preferred. Metal jacketing used outdoors serves the same functions as indoors and also protects the insulation system from weather.  
5.4 Metal jacketing is used over all types of pipe insulation materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers recommended installation techniques for aluminum and stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustic pipe insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). It does not address insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber-reinforced plastic, laminate jacketing, PVC, or rubberized or modified asphalt jacketing, nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to optimize the performance and longevity of installed metal jacketing and to minimize water intrusion through the metal jacketing system. This document is limited to installation procedures for metal jacketing over pipe insulation up to a pipe size of 48 in. NPS and does not encompass system design. This practice does not cover the installation of metal jacketing on rectangular ducts or around valves and gauges. It excludes the installation of spiral jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts but is applicable to metal jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts installed similarly to pipe insulation jacketing. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 For the purposes of this practice, it is assumed that the aluminum or stainless steel jacketing is of the correct size necessary to cover the thermal insulation system on the pipe or rigid tubing while achieving the longitudinal overlaps specified in 8.2.2 and 8.3.2. The size of the aluminum or stainless steel jacket necessary to achieve this specified longitudinal overlap closure is a complex topic for which the detailed requirements are outside the scope of this practice. Achieving this fit is very important to the performance of the total insulation system. See Appendix X1 for general information and recommendations regarding this closure of aluminum and stainless steel jacketing installed over thermal pipe and rigid tubing insulation.  
1.4 The intrusion of water or water vapor into an insulation system will, in some cases, cause undesirable results such as corrosion under insulation, loss of insulating ability, and physical damage to the insulation system. Minimizing the movement of water through the metal jacketing system is only one of the important factors in helping maintain good long-term performance of the total insulation system. There are many other important factors including proper performance and installation of the insulation, vapor retarder, and ...

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the repair of rigid cellular polyurethane insulation systems on outdoor service vessels operating within a specified temperature range. Before any repairs are performed, all damaged nonadhering foam should be removed up to the dry, solidly adhering layer and the remaining foam insulation should then be beveled on all sides. If the existing substrate primer is damaged, it should be wire-brushed and reprimed where feasible. To protect the surrounding undamaged area, a covering should be installed around the area that needs to be repaired prior to the application of spray foam. Repairs shall be made in accordance with the prescribed procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the repair of spray-applied polyurethane insulation on vessels normally operating at temperatures between −30 and +107°C [−22 and +225°F].  
1.2 Warning—At temperatures below 0°C [32°F] the application of a spray “foam” directly onto the cold substrate may not be possible. The term “foam” applies to spray-applied polyurethane or polyisocyanurate (PUR or PIR) rigid cellular plastic only, and not to any other plastic insulation.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For a specific precautionary statement see 1.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice outlines general procedures that are recommended for correct installation of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation in the building enclosure including; walls, ceilings, attics, floors, crawl spaces, attics and foundations.
Note 2: SPF roofing installations are not covered by this document. Users may wish to consult Guide D5469 and Specification D7425.  
5.2 This practice is not all-inclusive; this practice is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from manufacturers, SPF industry best practices and safety requirements as may be established by law.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of high-pressure spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation for building enclosure assemblies including: walls, ceilings, attics, floors, and crawl spaces. This practice does not apply to SPF used strictly as a component for an air barrier system or for SPF used in roofing applications.  
1.2 Building design criteria and selection of SPF are beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.3 The use of SPF insulation covered by this practice is typically regulated by building codes or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application of an insulation system for use at service temperatures between − 30 and + 107°C (−22 and + 225°F). Although the successful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenced by many factors, this practice treats those four areas found to be of major importance:  
(1) Substrate preparation,  
(2) Substrate priming,  
(3) Insulation application, and  
(4) Protective coatings.  
4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray application of the insulation, and protective coating application each contribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job site and will be dealt with in more detail under their respective headings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate preparation and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyurethane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoor service equipment.  
Note 1: For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined to mean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred to as “PUR/PIR.”  
1.2 The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification details the minimum property, design and construction requirements for flexible removable and reusable blanket insulation for hot service of above ambient temperatures. Insulation must be one of the following flexible fibrous materials acceptable for the maximum temperature of service: high temperature fiber blanket of any type or grade; needled glass fiber mechanically bonded felt; and mineral fiber blanket of the type suitable for the application. The material for the outer jacket liner and straps, where used, shall either be plain woven glass fiber fabric or that which has been treated with a water resistant compound such as silicone or fluorocarbon, and conforms with the following requirements: minimum weight; breaking strength; tear strength; burst strength; abrasion resistance; color; temperature resistance; and flame resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the minimum requirements for materials and fabrication of flexible removable and reusable blanket insulation for hot service, from above ambient temperatures to 1000°F (538°C).  
1.2 This specification separately addresses industrial applications, outdoor commercial applications, and indoor commercial applications. Blanket insulation for industrial applications and outdoor commercial applications must be weather resistant and resistant to liquid chemicals. Blanket insulation for indoor commercial applications is limited to 500°F (260°C) maximum use temperature, is not required to be either weather resistant or resistant to chemicals, and is typically used for HVAC, plumbing, and other light grade indoor piping systems that distribute steam or water, or both.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the minimum performance for flexible laminate protective jacket and a pressure sensitive adhesive tape for use over thermal insulation on pipes, duct, and equipment operating at both above and below ambient temperatures and installed outdoors, above ground. It does not include the following: protective metal jacket, homogenous plastic film jacket materials, modified asphalt jacket materials, and butyl rubber membranes.  
1.2 This type of material shall consist of multiple layers of polymer film and aluminum foil laminated to one another with layer(s) of reinforcement as an option.  
1.3 Jacket and tape materials covered by this specification shall have low water vapor permeance values; however, they are not necessarily always used as vapor retarders. The water vapor transmission tests address the jacket and tape materials only and do not address overlaps or taped joints. All materials shall be weather resistant and intended to have sufficient strength to provide protection for mechanical insulation.  
1.4 Materials covered under this specification shall have a high, medium, or low surface emittance.  
1.5 The top layer shall be on of the following: aluminum foil, a polymer film, or a polymer coating.  
1.6 This specification includes jacket materials both with and without factory applied, pressure sensitive adhesives. The tape materials covered by this specification always have a factory applied, pressure sensitive adhesive.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses flexible protective jackets, made of a modified asphalt or butyl rubber sealing compound, for use over thermal insulation. The sealing compound is covered with an outer surface material. Typical applications are insulated ducts, pipe, and equipment. These materials shall be used only for outdoor or direct burial applications.  
1.2 The jacket materials covered by this specification have an allowed exposure temperature range, after installation, from –25°F to 284°F (–32°C to 140°C).  
1.3 This specification does not address installation methods of this jacketing material.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers direct buried underground pre-insulated, hot water piping systems with an upper temperature limit of 250 °F (121 °C) used to convey pressurized fluids for district heating. In the pre-insulated pipe industry and in this standard, this temperature range is called “low temperature hot water”.  
1.2 This specification shall not be used for low-pressure steam systems, steam trap discharge or pressurized condensate systems, since there is a high risk of exceeding the upper temperature limits. Pumped condensate return lines that are vented to atmosphere are considered to be low temperature hot water and are acceptable for this application.  
1.3 This specification covers only piping systems insulated and jacketed with bonded polyurethane (PUR) rigid foam. A piping system consists of both straight sections of pre-insulated piping as well as pre-insulated fittings and field closures of the insulation system, and all materials required to ensure a water tight insulation system which will preclude water from entering the insulation from the surrounding soil. This specification does not encompass insulating or jacketing materials, or insulation methods, which do not produce factory, pre-fabricated, insulated and jacketed units for assembly at the field site.  
1.4 The insulated piping systems covered by this specification do not possess an air gap between the carrier pipe and the insulation nor between the insulation and jacket. For straight pipe sections of the piping systems covered by this specification, these three components are bonded together.  
1.5 The carrier piping that is part of the insulated piping system covered by this specification shall be designed, fabricated, and tested to the requirements of ANSI/ASME B31.1 (Power Piping).  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered to be the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is intended to be used by engineers and designers as a guide to assist them in selecting appropriate thermal insulation jacketing materials. As a guide, it can be used to identify performance characteristics that might be necessary for a particular insulation jacketing system. This guide is not a specification and therefore should not be used as such. It might, however, be useful in writing a specification. Specification C921 can also be used to determine properties of jacketing materials for thermal insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers criteria for selecting thermal insulation jacketing materials and is not intended for use as a performance or product specification.  
1.2 This guide applies to jacketing materials applied over thermal insulation for piping, ducts, and equipment.  
1.3 This guide includes jacketing materials used over thermal insulation whether the insulation is in the form of pipe, board, or blanket, or field applied materials that are self-supporting, including insulating cements.  
1.4 This guide does not include covers or other retaining walls that contain loose fill, other nonsupporting insulation materials, or conduits or containers for buried insulation systems.  
1.5 This guide does not include mastics and coatings and their reinforcements.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification is concerned with insulating covers for use on exposed drain and water supply piping under accessible lavatories and sinks. The thermal insulating properties of the insulating covers are specified with the aim of protecting people with disabilities from burns and physical harm from contact with exposed water supply and waste piping under accessible lavatories and sinks. The insulating covers shall be removable and reusable, and shall satisfy the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act 4.19.4: 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standard for Accessible Design Section 606.5, ICC/ANSI A117.1 2012 (Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities - for Persons with Physical Disabilities) section 606.6 (Exposed Pipes and Surfaces).
Included in this specification are criteria for classifying removable and reusable protective covers on exposed drain and water supply piping under lavatories and sinks, along with methods of marking or labeling. All products shall conform to specified requirements for dimensions; form and installation; workmanship, finish, and appearance; apparent material thermal conductivity; water absorption; surface burning characteristics; rate of burning; fungi growth; water temperature and pH; surface deflection and load; and cracks or voids.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers insulating covers for use on exposed drain and water supply piping under accessible lavatories and sinks. The insulating covers shall have thermal insulating properties to protect people with disabilities from burns and physical harm from contact with exposed water supply and waste piping under accessible lavatories and sinks. Insulating covers shall be removable and reusable.  
1.2 Included are criteria for classifying removable and reusable protective covers on exposed drain and water supply piping under lavatories and sinks and requirements and test methods for materials and workmanship. Methods of marking are also given.  
1.3 The products covered by this specification are intended for use on water supply and drain or waste piping under lavatories and sinks only.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This specification does not establish the criteria required in the design of the equipment over which removable insulating covers are used, nor does this specification establish or recommend the applicability of removable insulating covers over all surfaces.  
1.6 This standard does not apply to shrouds under lavatories and sinks.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation, but does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel). This specification also covers the classification of stainless steel jacketing, stainless steel jacketing materials and manufacture, required physical properties, workmanship, finish and appearance, sampling, inspection, certification, product marking, and packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems.  
1.2 While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this standard does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.4 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of stainless steel jacketing, see (1).2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in IP units is available as Specification C1767.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems. While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this specification does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application. This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems.  
1.2 While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this standard does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.4 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of stainless steel jacketing, see (1).2  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 A version of this standard in SI units is available as Specification C1767M.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides recommendations for the installation in a safe and effective manner. Actual conditions may vary greatly, and additional care should be taken to ensure a safe and effective installation.  
4.2 This standard presents requirements that are general in nature and considered practical. They are not intended as specific recommendations. The user should consult the manufacturer for recommended application methods and procedures.  
4.3 This standard does not address the applicability of regulatory limitations. This is the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for storing, handling, and application of cellulosic fiber insulating board products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. Insulation jacketing made from other materials such as PVC, fiber reinforced plastic, mastics, or stainless steel, or the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems, are beyond the scope of this specification. The standard requires the designer of an insulation system, after determining the system requirements, to specify the appropriate aluminum jacketing. It addresses the classification of aluminum jacketing, materials and manufacture, physical properties, dimensions and permissible variations, workmanship, finish and appearance, requirements of aluminum jacketing, test methods, sampling and inspection as well s rejection of defective material, certification, product marking, and packaging. Definitions of terms specific to this standard are provided, including jacketing, lagging, cladding, and moisture retarder (moister barrier).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, or stainless steel nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 This specification provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of aluminum jacketing, see (1).2  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in inch-pound units is available as Specification C1729.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Classification of aluminum jacketing is based on three factors: outer surface treatment and emittance, alloy and temper per Specification B209, and moisture retarder. The specification covers physical properties, minimum thickness for pipe jacketing, and permissible thickness tolerances. Test methods cover total hemispherical emittance, surface burning characteristics, metal sheet thickness, pinholes in moisture retarder, pencil hardness, and water vapor transmission rate of the moisture retarder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, or stainless steel nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 This specification provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of aluminum jacketing, see (1).2  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in SI units is available as Specification C1729M.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 PSA joints are a necessary and critical component of an insulation vapor retarder system and, in addition to knowing the permeance of the vapor retarder being used, assessing the permeance of the joints is necessary to indicate the expected performance of the system.  
5.2 Test Methods E96/E96M do not include instructions specific to preparing multiple-piece assemblies such as PSA joints. This practice provides those instructions.  
5.3 There are a number of variables involved in making a psa joint, and those need to be considered in specimen preparation and data reporting. Such variables include:  
5.3.1 Means of applying pressure to seal the joint,  
5.3.2 Amount of pressure applied,  
5.3.3 Dwell time prior to test,  
5.3.4 Backing surface upon which joint is prepared,  
5.3.5 Ambient conditions for specimen preparation,  
5.3.6 Dimensions of materials,  
5.3.7 Configuration of joint,  
5.3.8 Dish size,  
5.3.9 Test area of specimen, and  
5.3.10 Area of joint.  
5.4 It is not likely that field-installed joints will achieve as good a seal as those prepared in the laboratory. Field installations often involve extremes in ambient conditions, surface contamination, limited space, varying pipe radii, varying pressure applied, and variation in base insulation density and rigidity.  
5.4.1 Results obtained through application of this practice and Test Methods E96/E96M are best used to compare materials and configurations. It is urged not to equate actual field performance with the results obtained in a laboratory setting.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instruction for the preparation of test specimens of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) sealed joints of the type employed in insulation vapor retarder systems, for subsequent testing per Test Methods E96/E96M to determine the water vapor permeance (“permeance”) of those joints. It does not cover preparation of other types of joints.  
1.2 This practice provides requirements for the content of reports issued in conjunction with Test Methods E96/E96M testing of these joints.  
1.3 Joints are made with factory coated PSA tapes or PSA coated laminate jacket (vapor retarder cladding) materials.  
1.3.1 The types of materials and joints to be tested are generally encountered in mechanical systems in commercial and industrial insulation applications, and in HVAC systems insulation.  
1.3.2 Typical PSA joints that are employed in vapor retarder systems for mechanical insulation include:
1.3.2.1 Overlap with double-sided tape.
1.3.2.2 Overlap with coated laminate jacket.
1.3.2.3 Butt with single-sided insulation tape.
1.3.2.4 Intersection of overlap and butt joint.  
1.4 Test Methods E96/E96M are to be followed for specific testing instruction beyond the areas of guidance provided herein, that is, after the specimens are prepared in the desired test configuration.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When choosing a thermal insulation product or combination of products, physical, chemical and mechanical properties and the significance of those properties should be considered. ASTM test methods are usually performed under laboratory conditions and may not accurately represent field conditions depending on process temperature, environment, and operating conditions. Performance results obtained using ASTM test methods can be used to determine compliance of materials to specifications but do not necessarily predict installed performance. Values stated in the ASTM material standards are those that apply to the majority of materials and not to any specific product; other tested values may exist for specific material applications.  
4.2 Design of thermal insulation systems requires the understanding of process requirements, temperature control, heat loss criteria, control of thermal shock, and mechanical forces on insulation generated by thermal gradients and wind environmental conditions. Sometimes, the mechanical design of piping and equipment needs to be modified to support insulation adequately and provide for insulation weatherproofing. Process requirements may dictate the control of critical temperature to prevent freezing, maintain viscosity, or minimize internal corrosion. When handling heat transfer fluids such as ethylene oxide or hot oils, the selection of insulation materials and the insulation system design becomes critical. whereby If these fluids are absorb in insulation materials, the fluid flash point could be below the fluid operating temperature. Specified heat gain or heat loss and acceptable surface temperatures could also dictate thermal design of insulation systems. Environmental corrosivity, high wind, and extreme ambient temperatures affect the selection of weatherproofing and methods of its securement. A combination of these factors plays a significant role in the selection of insulation materials and application methods to provide long-l...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on selection of insulation materials, systems design, application methods, protective coverings, guarantees, inspection, testing, and maintenance of thermal insulation primarily for industrial applications in a temperature range of –320 to 1200°F (–195.5 to 648.8°C).  
1.2 This guide is intended to provide practical guidelines, by applying acceptable current practice while indicating the basic principles by which new materials can be assessed and adapted for use under widely differing conditions. Design engineers, the general contractors, the fabricators, and the insulation contractors will find this guide helpful.  
1.3 Although some insulation system designs can serve as fire protection, this guide does not address the criteria specific to that need. API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems is recommended as a reference for fire protection. This guide will however address the fire properties of insulation materials.  
1.4 This guide is not intended for commercial, architectural, acoustical, marine, vehicle transport, or military use.  
1.5 This guide does not address insulation system design for refractory linings or cold boxes whereby these are typically package units and of a proprietary insulation design.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the use of thermal insulations formed by a number of thermal radiation shields positioned perpendicular to the direction of heat flow. These radiation shields consist of alternate layers of a low-emittance metal and an insulating layer combined such that metal-to-metal contact in the heat flow direction is avoided and direct heat conduction is minimized. These are commonly referred to as multilayer insulations (MLI) or super insulations (SI) by the industry. The performance considerations, typical applications, manufacturing methods, material specification, and safety considerations in the use of these insulations in cryogenic service are also discussed. MLI can be manufactured by any of the following: spiral-wrap method, blanket method, single layer method, and filament-wound method.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of thermal insulations formed by a number of thermal radiation shields positioned perpendicular to the direction of heat flow. These radiation shields consist of alternate layers of a low-emittance metal and an insulating layer combined such that metal-to-metal contact in the heat flow direction is avoided and direct heat conduction is minimized. These are commonly referred to as multilayer insulations (MLI) or super insulations (SI) by the industry. The technology of evacuated reflective insulation in cryogenic service, or MLI, first came about in the 1950s and 1960s primarily driven by the need to liquefy, store, and transport large quantities of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium. (1-6)2  
1.2 The practice guide covers the use of these MLI systems where the warm boundary temperatures are below approximately 400 K. Cold boundary temperatures typically range from 4 K to 100 K, but any temperature below ambient is applicable.  
1.3 Insulation systems of this construction are used when heat flux values well below 10 W/m2 are needed for an evacuated design. Heat flux values approaching 0.1 W/m2 are also achievable. For comparison among different systems, as well as for space and weight considerations, the effective thermal conductivity of the system can be calculated for a specific total thickness. Effective thermal conductivities of less than 1 mW/m-K [0.007 Btu·in/h·ft2·°F or R-value 143] are typical and values on the order of 0.01 mW/m-K have been achieved [0.00007 Btu·in/h·ft2·°F or R-value 14 300]. (7) Thermal performance can also be described in terms of the effective emittance of the system, or Εe.  
1.4 These systems are typically used in a high vacuum environment (evacuated), but soft vacuum or no vacuum environments are also applicable.(8) A welded metal vacuum-jacketed (VJ) enclosure is often used to provide the vacuum environment.  
1.5 The range of residual gas pressures is from -6 torr to 10+3 torr (from -4 Pa to 133 kPa) with or without different purge gases as required. Corresponding to the applications in cryogenic systems, three sub-ranges of vacuum are also defined: from -6 torr to 10-3 torr (from -4 Pa to 0.133 Pa) [high vacuum/free molecular regime], from 10-2 torr to 10 torr (from 1.33 Pa to 1333 Pa) [soft vacuum, transition regime], from 100 torr to 1000 torr (from 13.3 kPato 133 kPa) [no vacuum, continuum regime].(9)  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazards, see Section 9.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with ...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers fabrication techniques for cellular glass block into billets to fabricate pipe and tubing insulation. The optimization of the thermal performance of installed cellular glass insulation systems is discussed. This is best achieved by limiting the number of joints, in particular through joints. Cellular glass pipe and tubing insulation shall be fabricated from the minimum number of insulation blocks. Sectional pipe insulation shall contain not more than four through joints per full section of insulation, excluding the half section mating plane. Fabrication adhesive shall be hot asphalt, Type II operating at some temperature. For operating temperatures above ambient, fabrication adhesive shall include but not be limited to Type II hot asphalt, elastomeric asphalt, or gypsum-based cement of the type and grade specified. Fabricating adhesive shall be applied such that there is 100% coverage of adhesive on the mating surfaces. Billet and miter construction shall conform to the following: insulation blocks or sections shall be hand rubbed if necessary to fit prior to bonding and bond joints shall be made with a full depth of approved adhesive. Bond joints can be classified as “non-through” joints which start at the outside circumference and run continuously in a straight line to the opposite side terminating at the outside circumference. “Through” joints start at the outside circumference and runs continuously in a straight line to the opposite side and terminates at the inside circumference. All segmented pipe insulation shall be edge trimmed at the fabrication site. Either a grinder or a saw shall be used to edge trim segmented pipe insulation. If segmented pipe insulation is edge trimmed using a saw blade, edges shall be rubbed to remove uneven patterns caused by flexing blade where needed. Fittings for all sizes shall be either factory ground or factory mitered.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fabrication techniques for cellular glass block into billets to fabricate pipe and tubing insulation. All materials shall be in accordance with Specification C552.  
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to optimize the thermal performance of installed cellular glass insulation systems. This is best achieved by limiting the number of joints, in particular through joints.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to identify potential concerns and effects which may occur during the life cycle (installation, service, removal, and disposal) of insulation materials and accessories resulting from direct contact or indirect action or events.  
4.2 This classification does not identify remedial or preventive steps that may be taken to correct potential problems or hazards; rather it is intended as a checklist that will make it easier to deal constructively with these potentials, and to determine what, if any, specific requirements need to be added to other standards concerning insulation materials or accessories. (See Appendix X2 for sources of information.)  
4.3 This classification recognizes that proper handling and installation procedures can substantially reduce the potential concerns and effects. Further, it recognizes that in some situations the presence or creation of potential effects or hazards results from an intervening act of human or natural origin, or depends on access to or contact with the materials or accessories. Lack of compatibility of the individual components of an insulation system with each other or the environmental conditions within which the system will operate, or both, may create unanticipated effects. (See Appendix X3.)
SCOPE
1.1 This classification identifies potential concerns and effects that could result from direct contact with thermal insulation materials and accessories, or be caused by indirect action of events such as aging, fire, or physical disturbance.  
1.2 Intent of Classification:  
1.2.1 It is the intent of this classification to alert others to potential concerns, effects, hazards, or risk.  
1.2.2 It is not the intent of this classification to establish the degree of risk or hazard or limiting values of potential hazards.  
1.2.3 It is not the intent of this classification to establish or recommend methods or markings to reduce or mitigate the potential; however, it is recognized that correct procedures and precautionary measures can substantially reduce or eliminate some of the potential concerns, effects, hazards, or risks.  
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for commentary.  
1.3 This classification recognizes the responsibility of producers and users, as appropriate, to: (1) provide information on known effects or hazards, (2) advise on established safety and health practices, and (3) determine applicable regulatory requirements.  
1.4 This classification does not address the health and safety concerns of thermal insulation materials and accessories during manufacture.  
1.5 Omission of an item from this classification does not imply an absence of potential concerns or effects.  
1.6 There is no importance in the order of listing.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to ensure that a functional system will result when considering the use of prefabricated panel or H-bar insulation systems. Both systems require a varying degree of pre-engineering and prefabrication so that the insulation will produce the specified thermal, mechanical and environmental design requirements Both the prefabricated panels and H-bar systems which can also be used in combination with each other are to be designed to:  
4.1.1 Limit loss of heat from insulated surface.  
4.1.2 Limit exposed surface temperatures for burn protection of personnel.  
4.1.3 Maintain optimum temperatures of the insulated equipment at or above a specified minimum value required for the proper operation of the equipment.  
4.1.4 Produce a system or assembly that is designed to provide allowance for thermal expansion; is structurally adequate; is of a weathertight construction; and incorporates design features that promote efficient removal for inspection, repair and maintenance where required.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes design, fabrication, shipping, handling, jobsite storage, and installation of prefabricated panel and H-Bar insulation systems for vessels, ducts, and equipment operating at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications include, but are not limited to, air and gas ducts, steam generating units, air quality control systems, fans, storage tanks, process vessels, and coke drums  
1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to systems consisting of insulating units specially designed to fit the surfaces to be insulated, and engineered for the service and environmental requirements. The insulation unit may also include special design features which facilitate the removal and replacement for maintenance and inspection.  
1.3 When prefabricated panels are used, each insulation unit factory preassembled and typically comprised of the insulation, an outer lagging to which the insulation is attached, an inner retaining wire mesh, optional foil lining, and means for mechanically securing multiple units together in an assembly.  
1.4 H-bar systems represent insulation units that are typically comprised of the insulation, outer lagging and a uniquely configured subgirt design which both supports the insulation and provides a means for mechanically securing multiple units together in an assembly. The design of the subgirt creates an “H” configuration which is fabricated from light gauge sheet metal. The subgirt components consist of: (1) a “J-bar” shape which frames the perimeter edges of the surface to be insulated, holds the insulation in place along the outer edge and provides a screen attachment point for the outer lagging; (2) the “H-bar” shape is placed at defined intervals. The web section of the “H-bar” supports the insulation while the exterior flange allows for the outer lagging to be attached with threaded fasteners.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: When prefabricated panel or H-Bar insulation systems are specified, Test Methods C167, C177 and C1061, Material Specifications A36/A36M, A463/A463M, B209, C612, and Terminology C168 should be considered.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tra...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide establishes procedures to help parties involved in unit price piping insulation contracts reach agreement as to what components will be counted for pricing purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the components of an insulated piping system to be measured or counted to determine quantities and pricing for unit price contracts or extra work.  
1.2 Pricing may be done through unit pricing for each item by pipe size, type of insulation system, insulation thickness, double or multilayer insulation, type of weatherproofing or jacketing, and pressure rating (if necessary) or through component (fitting) factor or multipliers.  
1.2.1 Component (fitting) factors or multipliers, which are multipliers times the straight length of piping as shown in Table 1, determine relative prices for each component not within the scope of this guide. These factors or multipliers are to be determined by the insulating contractor relative to the given situation and insulation system specification.    
1.2.2 It is suggested that only one type of pricing be used on a project.  
1.2.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to flexible closed cell insulation tubing and sheet materials manufactured according to Specifications C534 and C1427. This standard is intended to provide a basic guide for installing these types of materials.  
5.2 Confirm application use temperature is consistent with specified use temperature for material as defined in ASTM Specifications unless otherwise agreed upon with the manufacturer. There are different grades for each of the insulation types referred to in this guide, material and grade installed should be that specified.  
5.3 This guide is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, consult the National, Commercial Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA Manual) or the specific product manufacturer for recommendations, or both. See ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals – Chapter 23) and ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration – Chapter 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended installation techniques for flexible closed cell pre-formed insulation in tube or sheet form. This guide is applicable to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C534 (Elastomeric based insulation) or Specification C1427 (polyolefin based insulation). The materials covered in this guide encompass a service temperature of –297 to 300°F (–183 to 150°C) as indicated in the material specifications referenced above. Many of the recommendations made are specific to below ambient applications only.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to optimize the thermal performance and longevity of installed closed cell flexible insulation systems. By following this guide, the owner, and designer can expect to achieve the energy savings expected and prevention of condensation under the specified design conditions. This document is limited to installation procedures and does not encompass system design.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to flexible closed cell insulation tubing and sheet materials manufactured according to Specifications C534 and C1427. This standard is intended to provide a basic guide for installing these types of materials.  
5.2 Confirm application use temperature is consistent with specified use temperature for material as defined in ASTM Specifications unless otherwise agreed upon with the manufacturer. There are different grades for each of the insulation types referred to in this guide, material and grade installed should be that specified.  
5.3 This guide is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, consult the National, Commercial Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA Manual) or the specific product manufacturer for recommendations, or both. See ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals – Chapter 23) and ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration – Chapter 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended installation techniques for flexible closed cell pre-formed insulation in tube or sheet form. This guide is applicable to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C534 (Elastomeric based insulation) or Specification C1427 (polyolefin based insulation). The materials covered in this guide encompass a service temperature of –297 to 300°F (–183 to 150°C) as indicated in the material specifications referenced above. Many of the recommendations made are specific to below ambient applications only.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to optimize the thermal performance and longevity of installed closed cell flexible insulation systems. By following this guide, the owner, and designer can expect to achieve the energy savings expected and prevention of condensation under the specified design conditions. This document is limited to installation procedures and does not encompass system design.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). This standard is intended to provide a basic practice for installing these types of materials. Refer to Specifications C1729 and C1767 for information on the differences between aluminum and stainless steel jacketing and where each is considered for use.  
5.2 This practice is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, including factory and field fabricated pipe fitting covers.
Note 1: Consult the National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA), Guide C1696, the product manufacturer, and/or project specifications for additional recommendations.  
5.3 Metal jacketing is typically used on insulated piping located outdoors, including, but not limited to, process areas and rooftops. Metal jacketing is used indoors where greater resistance to physical damage is required, for appearance, for improved fire performance, or as otherwise preferred. Metal jacketing used outdoors serves the same functions as indoors and also protects the insulation system from weather.  
5.4 Metal jacketing is used over all types of pipe insulation materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers recommended installation techniques for aluminum and stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustic pipe insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). It does not address insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber-reinforced plastic, laminate jacketing, PVC, or rubberized or modified asphalt jacketing, nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to optimize the performance and longevity of installed metal jacketing and to minimize water intrusion through the metal jacketing system. This document is limited to installation procedures for metal jacketing over pipe insulation up to a pipe size of 48 in. NPS and does not encompass system design. This practice does not cover the installation of metal jacketing on rectangular ducts or around valves and gauges. It excludes the installation of spiral jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts but is applicable to metal jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts installed similarly to pipe insulation jacketing. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 The intrusion of water or water vapor into an insulation system will, in some cases, cause undesirable results such as corrosion under insulation, loss of insulating ability, and physical damage to the insulation system. Minimizing the movement of water through the metal jacketing system is only one of the important factors in helping maintain good long-term performance of the total insulation system. There are many other important factors including proper performance and installation of the insulation, vapor retarder, and insulation joint sealant. Optimum long-term insulation system performance is only achieved by carefully considering all aspects of insulation system design and how these relate to the intended application (hot, cold, cryogenic, severe environment, etc.). This practice only addresses installation of metal jacketing so total insulation system design is outside of its scope.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this stan...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to flexible closed cell insulation tubing and sheet materials manufactured according to Specifications C534 and C1427. This standard is intended to provide a basic guide for installing these types of materials.  
5.2 Confirm application use temperature is consistent with specified use temperature for material as defined in ASTM Specifications unless otherwise agreed upon with the manufacturer. There are different grades for each of the insulation types referred to in this guide, material and grade installed should be that specified.  
5.3 This guide is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, consult the National, Commercial Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA Manual) or the specific product manufacturer for recommendations, or both. See ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals – Chapter 23) and ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration – Chapter 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended installation techniques for flexible closed cell pre-formed insulation in tube or sheet form. This guide is applicable to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C534 (Elastomeric based insulation) or Specification C1427 (polyolefin based insulation). The materials covered in this guide encompass a service temperature of –297 to 300°F (–183 to 150°C) as indicated in the material specifications referenced above. Many of the recommendations made are specific to below ambient applications only.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to optimize the thermal performance and longevity of installed closed cell flexible insulation systems. By following this guide, the owner, and designer can expect to achieve the energy savings expected and prevention of condensation under the specified design conditions. This document is limited to installation procedures and does not encompass system design.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to flexible closed cell insulation tubing and sheet materials manufactured according to Specifications C534 and C1427. This standard is intended to provide a basic guide for installing these types of materials.  
5.2 Confirm application use temperature is consistent with specified use temperature for material as defined in ASTM Specifications unless otherwise agreed upon with the manufacturer. There are different grades for each of the insulation types referred to in this guide, material and grade installed should be that specified.  
5.3 This guide is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, consult the National, Commercial Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA Manual) or the specific product manufacturer for recommendations, or both. See ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals – Chapter 23) and ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration – Chapter 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended installation techniques for flexible closed cell pre-formed insulation in tube or sheet form. This guide is applicable to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C534 (Elastomeric based insulation) or Specification C1427 (polyolefin based insulation). The materials covered in this guide encompass a service temperature of –297 to 300°F (–183 to 150°C) as indicated in the material specifications referenced above. Many of the recommendations made are specific to below ambient applications only.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to optimize the thermal performance and longevity of installed closed cell flexible insulation systems. By following this guide, the owner, and designer can expect to achieve the energy savings expected and prevention of condensation under the specified design conditions. This document is limited to installation procedures and does not encompass system design.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the minimum requirements for materials and fabrication of flexible removable and reusable blanket insulation for hot service, from above ambient temperatures to 1000°F (538°C).  
1.2 This specification separately addresses industrial applications, outdoor commercial applications, and indoor commercial applications. Blanket insulation for Industrial Applications and outdoor Commercial Applications must be weather resistant or resistant to liquid chemicals, or both. Blanket insulation for indoor Commercial Applications is limited to 500°F (260°C) maximum use temperature, is not required to be either weather resistant or resistant to chemicals, and is typically used for HVAC, plumbing, and other light grade indoor piping systems that distribute steam or water, or both.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 PSA joints are a necessary and critical component of an insulation vapor retarder system and, in addition to knowing the permeance of the vapor retarder being used, assessing the permeance of the joints is necessary to indicate the expected performance of the system.  
5.2 Test Methods E96/E96M do not include instructions specific to preparing multiple-piece assemblies such as PSA joints. This practice provides those instructions.  
5.3 There are a number of variables involved in making a psa joint, and those need to be considered in specimen preparation and data reporting. Such variables include:  
5.3.1 Means of applying pressure to seal the joint,  
5.3.2 Amount of pressure applied,  
5.3.3 Dwell time prior to test,  
5.3.4 Backing surface upon which joint is prepared,  
5.3.5 Ambient conditions for specimen preparation,  
5.3.6 Dimensions of materials,  
5.3.7 Configuration of joint,  
5.3.8 Dish size,  
5.3.9 Test area of specimen, and  
5.3.10 Area of joint.  
5.4 It is not likely that field-installed joints will achieve as good a seal as those prepared in the laboratory. Field installations often involve extremes in ambient conditions, surface contamination, limited space, varying pipe radii, varying pressure applied, and variation in base insulation density and rigidity.  
5.4.1 Results obtained through application of this practice and Test Methods E96/E96M are best used to compare materials and configurations. It is urged not to equate actual field performance with the results obtained in a laboratory setting.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instruction for the preparation of test specimens of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) sealed joints of the type employed in insulation vapor retarder systems, for subsequent testing per Test Methods E96/E96M to determine the water vapor permeance (“permeance”) of those joints. It does not cover preparation of other types of joints.  
1.2 This practice provides requirements for the content of reports issued in conjunction with Test Methods E96/E96M testing of these joints.  
1.3 Joints are made with factory coated PSA tapes or PSA coated laminate jacket (vapor retarder cladding) materials.  
1.3.1 The types of materials and joints to be tested are generally encountered in mechanical systems in commercial and industrial insulation applications, and in HVAC systems insulation.  
1.3.2 Typical PSA joints that are employed in vapor retarder systems for mechanical insulation include:
1.3.2.1 Overlap with double-sided tape.
1.3.2.2 Overlap with coated laminate jacket.
1.3.2.3 Butt with single-sided insulation tape.
1.3.2.4 Intersection of overlap and butt joint.  
1.4 Test Methods E96/E96M are to be followed for specific testing instruction beyond the areas of guidance provided herein, that is, after the specimens are prepared in the desired test configuration.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, or stainless steel nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 This specification provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of aluminum jacketing, see (1).2  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in SI units is available as Specification C1729M.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems.  
1.2 While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this standard does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.4 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of stainless steel jacketing, see (1).2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in IP units is available as Specification C1767.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, or stainless steel nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 This specification provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of aluminum jacketing, see (1).2  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in inch-pound units is available as Specification C1729.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems. While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this specification does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application. This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems.  
1.2 While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this standard does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.4 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of stainless steel jacketing, see (1).2  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 A version of this standard in SI units is available as Specification C1767M.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for materials and fabrication of flexible removable and reusable blanket insulation for hot service, from above ambient temperatures to 1000°F (538°C).  
1.2 This specification separately addresses both outdoor and indoor applications.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for materials and fabrication of flexible removable and reusable blanket insulation for hot service, from above ambient temperatures to 1000°F (538°C).  
1.2 This specification separately addresses both outdoor and indoor applications.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for materials and fabrication of flexible removable and reusable blanket insulation for hot service, from above ambient temperatures to 1000°F (538°C).  
1.2 This specification separately addresses both outdoor and indoor applications.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to identify potential concerns and effects which may occur during the life cycle (installation, service, removal, and disposal) of insulation materials and accessories resulting from direct contact or indirect action or events.  
4.2 This classification does not identify remedial or preventive steps that may be taken to correct potential problems or hazards; rather it is intended as a checklist that will make it easier to deal constructively with these potentials, and to determine what, if any, specific requirements need to be added to other standards concerning insulation materials or accessories. (See Appendix X2 for sources of information.)  
4.3 This classification recognizes that proper handling and installation procedures can substantially reduce the potential concerns and effects. Further, it recognizes that in some situations the presence or creation of potential effects or hazards results from an intervening act of human or natural origin, or depends on access to or contact with the materials or accessories. Lack of compatibility of the individual components of an insulation system with each other or the environmental conditions within which the system will operate, or both, may create unanticipated effects. (See Appendix X3.)
SCOPE
1.1 This classification identifies potential concerns and effects that could result from direct contact with thermal insulation materials and accessories, or be caused by indirect action of events such as aging, fire, or physical disturbance.  
1.2 Intent of Classification:  
1.2.1 It is the intent of this classification to alert others to potential concerns, effects, hazards, or risk.  
1.2.2 It is not the intent of this classification to establish the degree of risk or hazard or limiting values of potential hazards.  
1.2.3 It is not the intent of this classification to establish or recommend methods or markings to reduce or mitigate the potential; however, it is recognized that correct procedures and precautionary measures can substantially reduce or eliminate some of the potential concerns, effects, hazards, or risks.  
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for commentary.  
1.3 This classification recognizes the responsibility of producers and users, as appropriate, to: (1) provide information on known effects or hazards, (2) advise on established safety and health practices, and (3) determine applicable regulatory requirements.  
1.4 This classification does not address the health and safety concerns of thermal insulation materials and accessories during manufacture.  
1.5 Omission of an item from this classification does not imply an absence of potential concerns or effects.  
1.6 There is no importance in the order of listing.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice outlines general procedures that are recommended for correct installation of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation in the building enclosure including; walls, ceilings, attics, floors, crawl spaces, attics and foundations.
Note 2: SPF roofing installations are not covered by this document. Users may wish to consult Guide D5469 and Specification D7425.  
5.2 This practice is not all-inclusive; this practice is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from manufacturers, SPF industry best practices and safety requirements as may be established by law.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of high-pressure spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation for building enclosure assemblies including: walls, ceilings, attics, floors, and crawl spaces. This practice does not apply to SPF used strictly as a component for an air barrier system or for SPF used in roofing applications.  
1.2 Building design criteria and selection of SPF are beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.3 The use of SPF insulation covered by this practice is typically regulated by building codes or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the repair of rigid cellular polyurethane insulation systems on outdoor service vessels operating within a specified temperature range. Before any repairs are performed, all damaged nonadhering foam should be removed up to the dry, solidly adhering layer and the remaining foam insulation should then be beveled on all sides. If the existing substrate primer is damaged, it should be wire-brushed and reprimed where feasible. To protect the surrounding undamaged area, a covering should be installed around the area that needs to be repaired prior to the application of spray foam. Repairs shall be made in accordance with the prescribed procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the repair of spray-applied polyurethane insulation on vessels normally operating at temperatures between −30 and +107°C [−22 and +225°F].  
1.2 Warning—At temperatures below 0°C [32°F] the application of a spray “foam” directly onto the cold substrate may not be possible. The term “foam” applies to spray-applied polyurethane or polyisocyanurate (PUR or PIR) rigid cellular plastic only, and not to any other plastic insulation.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For a specific precautionary statement see 1.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application of an insulation system for use at service temperatures between − 30 and + 107°C (−22 and + 225°F). Although the successful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenced by many factors, this practice treats those four areas found to be of major importance:  
(1) Substrate preparation,  
(2) Substrate priming,  
(3) Insulation application, and  
(4) Protective coatings.  
4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray application of the insulation, and protective coating application each contribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job site and will be dealt with in more detail under their respective headings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate preparation and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyurethane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoor service equipment.  
Note 1: For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined to mean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred to as “PUR/PIR.”  
1.2 The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, or stainless steel nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 This specification provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of aluminum jacketing, see (1).2  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in SI units is available as C1729M.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, or stainless steel nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 This specification provides physical requirements for aluminum jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of aluminum jacketing, see (1).2  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in inch-pound units is available as Specification C1729.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers fabrication techniques for cellular glass block into billets to fabricate pipe and tubing insulation. The optimization of the thermal performance of installed cellular glass insulation systems is discussed. This is best achieved by limiting the number of joints, in particular through joints. Cellular glass pipe and tubing insulation shall be fabricated from the minimum number of insulation blocks. Sectional pipe insulation shall contain not more than four through joints per full section of insulation, excluding the half section mating plane. Fabrication adhesive shall be hot asphalt, Type II operating at some temperature. For operating temperatures above ambient, fabrication adhesive shall include but not be limited to Type II hot asphalt, elastomeric asphalt, or gypsum-based cement of the type and grade specified. Fabricating adhesive shall be applied such that there is 100% coverage of adhesive on the mating surfaces. Billet and miter construction shall conform to the following: insulation blocks or sections shall be hand rubbed if necessary to fit prior to bonding and bond joints shall be made with a full depth of approved adhesive. Bond joints can be classified as “non-through” joints which start at the outside circumference and run continuously in a straight line to the opposite side terminating at the outside circumference. “Through” joints start at the outside circumference and runs continuously in a straight line to the opposite side and terminates at the inside circumference. All segmented pipe insulation shall be edge trimmed at the fabrication site. Either a grinder or a saw shall be used to edge trim segmented pipe insulation. If segmented pipe insulation is edge trimmed using a saw blade, edges shall be rubbed to remove uneven patterns caused by flexing blade where needed. Fittings for all sizes shall be either factory ground or factory mitered.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fabrication techniques for cellular glass block into billets to fabricate pipe and tubing insulation. All materials shall be in accordance with Specification C552.  
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to optimize the thermal performance of installed cellular glass insulation systems. This is best achieved by limiting the number of joints, in particular through joints.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice outlines general procedures that are recommended for correct installation of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation in the building enclosure including; walls, ceilings, attics, floors, crawl spaces, attics and foundations.
Note 1: SPF roofing installations are not covered by this document. Users may wish to consult Guide D5469 and Specification D7425.  
5.2 This practice is not all-inclusive; this practice is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from manufacturers, SPF industry best practices and safety requirements as may be established by law.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of high-pressure spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation for building enclosure assemblies including: walls, ceilings, attics, floors, and crawl spaces. This practice does not apply to SPF used strictly as a component for an air barrier system or for SPF used in roofing applications.  
1.2 Building design criteria and selection of SPF are beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.3 The use of SPF insulation covered by this practice is typically regulated by building codes or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation, but does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel). This specification also covers the classification of stainless steel jacketing, stainless steel jacketing materials and manufacture, required physical properties, workmanship, finish and appearance, sampling, inspection, certification, product marking, and packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel jacketing for thermal, acoustical, and fire protective insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. It does not cover insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, aluminum, or coated carbon steel (for example, aluminum-zinc, galvanized steel, or aluminized steel) nor does it cover the details of thermal, acoustical, or fire protective insulation systems.  
1.2 While not intended to cover use inside the containment buildings of nuclear power plants, this standard does not preclude use of Class E material which does not have a moisture barrier in this containment building application.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustical insulation. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.4 This is a material specification and does not imply any performance of the installed system using the materials specified herein. For information about installation of stainless steel jacketing, see (1).2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A version of this specification in IP units is available as Specification C1767.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers fabrication techniques for cellular glass block into billets to fabricate pipe and tubing insulation. The optimization of the thermal performance of installed cellular glass insulation systems is discussed. This is best achieved by limiting the number of joints, in particular through joints. Cellular glass pipe and tubing insulation shall be fabricated from the minimum number of insulation blocks. Sectional pipe insulation shall contain not more than four through joints per full section of insulation, excluding the half section mating plane. Fabrication adhesive shall be hot asphalt, Type II operating at some temperature. For operating temperatures above ambient, fabrication adhesive shall include but not be limited to Type II hot asphalt, elastomeric asphalt, or gypsum-based cement of the type and grade specified. Fabricating adhesive shall be applied such that there is 100% coverage of adhesive on the mating surfaces. Billet and miter construction shall conform to the following: insulation blocks or sections shall be hand rubbed if necessary to fit prior to bonding and bond joints shall be made with a full depth of approved adhesive. Bond joints can be classified as “non-through” joints which start at the outside circumference and run continuously in a straight line to the opposite side terminating at the outside circumference. “Through” joints start at the outside circumference and runs continuously in a straight line to the opposite side and terminates at the inside circumference. All segmented pipe insulation shall be edge trimmed at the fabrication site. Either a grinder or a saw shall be used to edge trim segmented pipe insulation. If segmented pipe insulation is edge trimmed using a saw blade, edges shall be rubbed to remove uneven patterns caused by flexing blade where needed. Fittings for all sizes shall be either factory ground or factory mitered.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fabrication techniques for cellular glass block into billets to fabricate pipe and tubing insulation. All materials shall be in accordance with Specification C552.  
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to optimize the thermal performance of installed cellular glass insulation systems. This is best achieved by limiting the number of joints, in particular through joints.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.