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ASTM E2395-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact

Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes voluntary performance requirements and methods of test for the resistance to forced entry of window and door assemblies. This specification addresses the capability of window and door assemblies to frustrate opportunistic entry by unskilled and semi-skilled intruders. This specification does not address detention facilities or window and door assemblies attacked by professional, sophisticated intruders.
1.2 These requirements are limited to window and door assemblies only as manufactured, regardless of their materials or method of manufacture. They do not include requirements for secondary or storm windows and doors, doors intended for vehicular access, or skylights. This is a laboratory test, not a field test that simulates an installed condition.
1.3 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelines based upon currently available information and research. As new information and research becomes available it will be considered.
1.4 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only. Certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be converted by the user.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2395-06 - Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact.
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM C1564-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for Protective Glazing Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1172-19 - Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM E2395-05 - Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing ImpactASTM E2395-05 - Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact
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ASTM E2395-05 - Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 2395 – 05
Standard Specification for
Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door
Assemblies with and without Glazing Impact.
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F 476 Test Methods for Security of Swinging DoorAssem-
blies
1.1 This specification establishes voluntary performance
F 588 Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced
requirements and methods of test for the resistance to forced
Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glaz-
entry of window and door assemblies. This specification
ing Impact
addresses the capability of window and door assemblies to
F 842 Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced
frustrate opportunistic entry by unskilled and semi-skilled
Entry Resistance of Sliding Door Assemblies, Excluding
intruders. This specification does not address detention facili-
Glazing Impact
ties or window and door assemblies attacked by professional,
F 1233 Standard Test Method for Security Glazing Materi-
sophisticated intruders.
als and Systems
1.2 These requirements are limited to window and door
2.2 AAMA Standards:
assemblies only as manufactured, regardless of their materials
ANSI/AAMA/WDMA 101/ I.S. 2/NAFS Voluntary Perfor-
or method of manufacture. They do not include requirements
mance Specifications for Windows, Skylights, and Glass
for secondary or storm windows and doors, doors intended for
Doors
vehicular access, or skylights. This is a laboratory test, not a
field test that simulates an installed condition.
3. Terminology
1.3 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelines
3.1 Definitions
based upon currently available information and research. As
3.1.1 General terms used in this standard specification are
new information and research becomes available it will be
defined in Terminology E 631.
considered.
3.1.2 Terms common to this standard specification and Test
1.4 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded
Methods F 476, F 588, F 842 and F 1233 are defined in the
as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information
respective document unless defined herein.
only. Certain values contained in reference documents cited
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must
3.2.1 Door Slab—a swinging door panel, blank, or leaf.
be converted by the user.
3.2.2 Interlayer—a layer of material acting as an adhesive
2. Referenced Documents betweenpliesofglazing,whichaddsadditionalperformanceto
the finished product. For example: impact resistance, solar
2.1 ASTM Standards:
control, and acoustical insulation.
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3.2.3 Lite—a term for a single pane (or piece) of glass.
E 1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,
Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems
4. Performance Requirements
Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure
4.1 Products shall be tested to the following levels as
Differentials
described in Table 1:
E 2025 Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Compo-
nents and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Window and Door Assemblies:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on 5.1.1 One test specimen for each product design seeking
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
qualification shall be submitted.
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Availble from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
the ASTM website. 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173-4268.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2395–05
TABLE 1 Assembly Performance Requirements
Product Type Performance Performance Requirements Glazed Area
Level Intrusion Test (Tested
to Section 6.4)
Window Assemblies Tested to L1 Minimum Performance Grade 10 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 588 No
Section 6.1 L2 Grade 10 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 588 Yes
L3 Grade 20 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 588 Yes
L4 Grade 30 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 588 Yes
L5 Grade 40 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 588 Yes
Sliding Door Assemblies Tested to L1 Minimum Performance Grade 10 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 842 No
Section 6.2 L2 Grade 10 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 842 Yes
L3 Grade 20 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 842 Yes
L4 Grade 30 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 842 Yes
L5 Grade 40 per Annex A1 of ASTM F 842 Yes
Swinging Door Assemblies Tested to L1 Minimum Performance Grade 10 per Annex A2 No
Section 6.3
L2 Grade 10 per Annex A2 Yes
L3 Grade 20 per Annex A2 Yes
L4 Grade 30 per Annex A2 Yes
L5 Grade 40 per Annex A2 Yes
5.1.2 Window and door assemblies tested for conformance 6.2 Sliding Door Assemblies Forced Entry Test:
tothisspecificationshallbecompletespecimensrepresentative 6.2.1 Prepare the specimen as outlined in section 9 of Test
of those produced by the manufacturer or fabricator. (ANSI/ Methods F 842.
AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S. 2/NAFS contains reference sizes 6.2.2 Perform Hand Manipulation Test in 6.1.2.
which may prove useful in coordinating with window and door 6.2.3 Perform the tests according to the procedure outlined
performance requirements not included in this standard.) in section 10 of Test Methods F 842.
5.1.3 A test specimen shall be of the largest assembly size 6.3 Swinging Door Assemblies Forced Entry Test:
(outside to outside) for which ratings are sought. 6.3.1 Prepare and test the specimen as outlined in Annex
5.1.4 A test specimen shall contain the entire panel, door A1.
slab or sash configurations, locking devices, hardware, inter- 6.4 Assembly Glazed Area Intrusion Test:
locking details, meeting rail details, and glazing for which 6.4.1 Conduct a missile impact test using Test Method
rating is sought. E 1886 with no air pressure cycling.
5.1.5 The same test specimen shall be used for each test 6.4.2 The missile shall be a 1700 (6 100) g (3.75 lb 6 0.25
sequence required by this specification. lb.) two-by-four traveling at 15 m/s (50 f/s).
5.1.6 Windows or doors tested with more than one locking 6.4.3 Impact the specimen twice. The exception to this
device shall not qualify windows or doors with fewer locking second impact is if both dimensions of the glazing are less than
devices regardless of size. 420 mm (17 in.), in which case there is only one impact.
5.2 Glazing Materials (for 6.5): 6.4.3.1 The first impact shall be within a 65 mm (2.5 in.)
5.2.1 One test specimen for each glazing material type to be radius circle located at the center of the glazing.
rated. 6.4.3.2 The second impact shall be within a 65 mm (2.5 in.)
5.2.2 Glazing material test specimens shall be representa- radius circle with the center located within 150 mm (6 in.) of
tive of those produced by the fabricator or manufacturer. The a corner.
glazing shall contain identical materials and be of the same 6.5 Glazing Material Qualification Test:
type, treatment and thickness for which qualification is sought. 6.5.1 Perform Forced Entry Testing as outlined in section
5.2.3 Test specimens shall be mounted according to sec- 9.2 of Test Method F 1233 using Class I Sequence specified in
tion 7 of Test Methods F 1233 Table 2.
5.2.4 Thetestspecimensizeshallbe600mm(24in.) 3600 6.5.1.1 The required ten impacts shall be entirely within a
mm (24 in.). 150 mm (6 in.) radius circle having its center located 150 mm
(6 in.) from an edge.
6. Test Methods
7. Pass/Fail Criteria
6.1 Window Assemblies Forced Entry Test:
6.1.1 Prepare the specimen as outlined in section 9 of Test The following two sets of pass/fail criteria shall apply for
Methods F 588. this specification:
6.1.2 Hand Manipulation Test: 7.1 WindowAssemblies, Sliding DoorAssemblies, or Swing-
6.1.2.1 Lift, push, pull or otherwise manipulate by hand the ing Door Assemblies ,
sash or panel relative to the clearances within the frame, while 7.1.1 Any opening that is sufficient to freely pass a 75 mm
attempting to open the sash or panel. (3 in.) diameter solid sphere constitutes a failure.These criteria
6.1.2.2 This test shall be conducted continuously for five will apply when the free passage of the shape is made through
minutes. a hole in any portion of the test specimen.
6.1.3 Perform the tests using the desired level from section 7.2 Glazing Materials,
4 of this document according to the procedure outlined in 7.2.1 Failure is defined in section 9.2.4.2 (Body Passage) of
Section 10 of Test Methods F 588. Test Method F 1233.
E2395–05
8. Product Qualification 8.2.6.1 Manufactured assemblies successfully tested can be
combined provided the structural supports and connections
8.1 Products shall be qualified as passing and shall be rated
between assemblies have been designed for the required loads.
when the following conditions have been met:
8.2.7 Substitution of glazing material components or manu-
8.1.1 Test specimens shall be tested following the appropri-
facturers (such as sealant, laminated glass interlayer, or plas-
ate test method (Window Assemblies, Sliding Door Assem-
tics) is not permitted.
blies, or Swinging Door Assemblies) in this specification and
comply with the pass/fail criteria established in 7.1. 9. Compliance Statement
8.1.2 Glazing materials used in products shall be tested
9.1 Report the following information:
following the Glazing Materials Test and comply with the
9.1.1 Window Assemblies,
pass/fail criteria established in 7.2.
9.1.1.1 Detailed description of the required test specimen(s)
8.2 Substitutions shall be according to the following crite- and report test results using the requirements of the Report
ria. section of Test Methods F 588.
9.1.1.2 Detailed description of glazing materials including
8.2.1 Successful tests of a window or door assembly shall
glass type, glass treatment, glass thickness, and component
qualify other assemblies with thicker or equal glazing and
manufacturers and report indicating test results in accordance
thicker or equal identical interlayer material of the same glass
with the test requirements of 6.4 and 6.5.
type and treatment, provided the glazing detail is unchanged.
9.1.1.3 State the grade level that was successfully achieved.
8.2.2 Products which have been tested and rated by this
9.1.2 Sliding Door Assemblies:
standard shall qualify identical assemblies that are smaller,
9.1.2.1 Detailed description of the required test specimen(s)
provided the smaller assembly’s dimensions shall not exceed
and report test results using the requirements of the Report
dimensions of the test specimen’s width or height.
section of ASTM F 842.
8.2.3 Glazing materials which contain tinting or reflective
9.1.2.2 Detailed description of glazing materials including
coatings are considered equivalent to the same thickness as
glass type, glass treatment, glass thickness and component
clear materials (or vise-versa), provided the tinting or coatings
manufacturers and report indicating test results in accordance
are integral to the monolithic glass and are not applied films.
with the test requirements of Section 6.4 and 6.5.
Heat-treated glazing shall not qualify annealed glazing mate-
9.1.2.3 State the grade level that was successfully achieved.
rial.
9.1.3 Swinging Door Assemblies:
8.2.4 Successful tests of a window or door assembly that
9.1.3.1 Detailed description of the required test specimen(s)
contains single lite glazing (monolithic or laminated) shall
and report test results using the requirements of section 11 of
qualify multiple lite glazing (insulating) units provided the
Test Methods F 842.
requirements of 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 are satisfied.
9.1.3.2 Detailed description of glazing materials including
8.2.5 Successful tests of a window or door assembly that
glass type, glass treatment, glass thickness and component
contains construction to improve thermal efficiency of the
manufacturers and report indicating test results in accordance
frameorsash,shallqualifyotherassembliesthatdonotcontain
with the test requirements of 6.4 and 6.5.
construction to improve thermal efficiency provided the same
9.1.3.3 State the grade level that was successfully achieved.
extrusions are used and the requirements of 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 are
10. Keywords
satisfied.
8.2.6 When composite window or door assemblies, which 10.1 forced entry; glass; glazing; impact; security; security
include combinations of two or more window or door styles, doors.; security windows; sliding doors; sliding door assem-
areevaluatedforconformancewiththisstandard,eachseparate blies; sliding glass doors; sliding glass door assemblies; swing
style type of the composite window unit shall be tested as doors; swinging doors; swinging door assemblies; windows;
though it were an individual window or door. window assemblies
E2395–05
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. Swinging Door Assemblies Forced Entry Test
A1.1 Preparation locking device(s). The properties of Black Annealed 16 gage
nd
wirearedescribedinMachinery’sHandbook,22 Edition. 16
A1.1.1 Mount the swinging door test specimen into a 38 3
gage wire refers to a wire diameter of 1.6 mm (0.0625 in).
100 or 38 3 150 mm (nominal 2 34or2 3 6) lumber
surround frame, in accordance with the manufacturer’s written
A1.4 Static and Impact Loads on Door Slab and Locking
installation instructions.
Device Strength Resistance Tests
A1.1.2 Install the mounted swinging door assembly speci-
men into the test frame, rigidly supporting the mounting frame A1.4.1 Test A1—With the swinging panels in the test
to resist all loads stipulated for the panel arrangement to be
position, a concentrated load (L ) shall be applied separately to
tested. each member incorporating a locking device, at a point on the
A1.1.3 Open, close, and lock the swinging door test speci-
member within 75 mm (3 in.) of the locking device, in a
men a minimum of 5 times. direction equal to the swing direction of the door that would
A1.1.4 Without damaging the door test specimen, remove
tend to open the door.
from the swinging door, all screws, glazing beads, and me- A1.4.1.1 For assemblies containing a pair of door slabs,
chanical fastener
...

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5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.  
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1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus.  
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Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
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FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)  
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1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).  
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5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for sliding door assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods, such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
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4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.
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1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.  
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.  
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.  
1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.  
1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.  
1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to cons...

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ASTM
ASTM E1105-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.  
5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.  
5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

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ASTM
ASTM E331-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2268-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1425-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1424-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The exterior building envelope and its components (for example, windows and doors) separate the interior conditioned spaces from exterior environmental factors such as heat, cold, rain, wind, noise dust, etc. Building materials and components can expand or contract to varying degrees, depending on seasonal and diurnal exterior ambient air temperatures. Fluctuations in the ambient air temperatures can alter the sealing characteristics of windows, curtain walls, and doors by changing weather seal compression ratios. Thermal expansion or contraction of framing materials coupled with thermal blowing due to temperature gradients through the product, and alterations in the effective leakage areas due to weather seal shrinkage and compression set, can also significantly alter the air leakage rates of these products in field service applications. Air leakage tests performed using Test Method E283 (a laboratory air leakage test performed at ambient temperature conditions) will not account accurately for changes in air leakage rates that may occur from dimensional changes in fenestration systems, materials, and components.  
5.2 It is recommended that test specifiers consult the manufacturer for recommended test temperature extremes.  
5.3 This procedure provides a means for evaluating air leakage rates of fenestration systems under various temperature and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are converted to standard conditions to provide a means of comparison between measurements made at different ambient air temperature and pressure conditions.  
5.4 Air leakage rates are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.  
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.  
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.  
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should reference Test Method E783.  
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technic...

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