ASTM D6553-00(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Coolant Compatibility of Way Lubricants
Standard Test Method for Coolant Compatibility of Way Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the normal use of a way lubricant in a machine tool, the way lubricant eventually becomes a contaminant that may emulsify into the coolant. It is generally desirable to remove this contaminant by skimming; otherwise, the coolant lifetime may be significantly shortened. This test method provides a guide for determining the separability characteristics of way lubricants that are expected to get into aqueous alkaline metalworking coolants. It is used for specification of new oils and might be useful in monitoring of in-service oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ability of single-use way lubricants to separate from metalworking coolants (synthetic coolants, semisynthetic coolants, and soluble oils) or other alkaline aqueous fluids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
General Information
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Designation: D6553 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Coolant Compatibility of Way Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6553; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope replacing the distilled water of that test method. A 40 mL
sample and 40 mL of either actual coolant or a pH 9.0 buffer
1.1 This test method measures the ability of single-use way
solution (see Note 1) are stirred for 5 min at 54 °C (see Note 2)
lubricants to separate from metalworking coolants (synthetic
in a graduated cylinder. The time required for the separation of
coolants, semisynthetic coolants, and soluble oils) or other
the emulsion thus formed is recorded. If complete separation or
alkaline aqueous fluids.
emulsion reduction to 3 mL or less does not occur after
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standing for 30 min, the volumes of oil (or fluid), water, and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
emulsion remaining at the time are reported.
standard.
NOTE 1—Distilled water is not a satisfactory aqueous phase for testing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the ability of way lubricants to separate from coolants because distilled
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
water gives different results from coolants. The best procedure is to use the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- actual coolant that the way lubricant will contaminate. A buffer solution of
pH 9.0 may be used in place of a specific coolant to predict the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
separability from alkaline coolants in general.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
NOTE 2—It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be
warning statements, see Section 7.
raised to 82 °C 6 1 °C when testing way lubricants more viscous than
90 cSt (mm /s) at 40 °C.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 In the normal use of a way lubricant in a machine tool,
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the way lubricant eventually becomes a contaminant that may
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils
emulsify into the coolant. It is generally desirable to remove
and Synthetic Fluids
this contaminant by skimming; otherwise, the coolant lifetime
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
may be significantly shortened. This test method provides a
Petroleum Products
guide for determining the separability characteristics of way
3. Terminology lubricants that are expected to get into aqueous alkaline
metalworking coolants. It is used for specification of new oils
3.1 Definitions:
and might be useful in monitoring of in-service oils.
3.1.1 cuff—a layer between the way oil layer and the coolant
or buffer layer that contains significant amounts of both. In
6. Apparatus
describing this intermediate layer, cuff is preferred to emulsion
6.1 Cylinder, 100 mL, graduated from 5 mL to 100 mL in
since many of the coolants are themselves emulsions.
1.0 mL divisions, made of glass, heat-resistant glass, or a
chemical equivalent. The inside diameter shall be no less than
4. Summary of Test Method
27 mm and no more than 30 mm throughout its length,
4.1 This test procedure is essentially identical to Test
measured from the top to a point 6 mm from the bottom of the
Method D1401, with the actual coolant or an alkaline buffer
cylinder. The overall length of the cylinder shall be 225 mm to
260 mm. The graduation shall not be in error by more than
1 mL at any point on the scale.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
6.2 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep enough to
Subcommittee D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants.
permit the immersion of at least two test cylinders in the bath
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
liquid up to their 85 mL graduations. The bath shall be capable
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6553 – 00 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D6553-00R106.
of being maintained at a temperature of 54 °C 6 1 °C (see
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Note 2), and shall be fitted with clamps, which hold the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cylinder in a position so that the longitudinal axis of the paddle
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. corresponds to the vertical center line of the cylinder during the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6553 − 00 (2016)
stirring operation. The clamps shall hold the cylinder securely with acetone and then with tap water. The glassware shall be
while its contents are being stirred. further cleaned with a suitable cleaning reagent. Rinse thor-
oughly with tap water and then with reagent water. Inspect the
6.3 Stirring Paddle, made of chromium-plated or stainless
cylinders for any residue or water droplets adhering to the
steel and conforming to the following dimensions: length,
inside walls. Both conditions indicate a need for additional
120 mm 6 1.5 mm; width, 19 mm 6 0.5 mm; thickness,
cleaning.
1.5 mm. It is mounted on a vertical shaft of similar metal,
approximately 6 mm in diameter, connected to a drive mecha- 9.2 Clean the stirring paddle and shaft with absorbent cotton
nism that rotates the paddle on its longitudinal axis at or tissue wet with cleaning solvent and air dry. Care must be
1500 r ⁄min 6 15 r ⁄min. The apparatus is of such design that, taken not to bend or misalign the paddle assembly during the
when the cylinder is clamped in position and the paddle cleaning operation.
assembly is lowered into the cylinder, a positive stop engages
and holds the assembly when the lower edge of the paddle is
10. Procedure
6 mm from the bottom of the cylinder. During the operation of
10.1 Heat the bath liquid to 54 °C 6 1 °C (see Note 2) and
the stirrer, the center of the bottom edge of the paddle shall not
maintain it at that temperature throughout the test. Add coolant
deviate more than 1 mm from the axis of rotation. When not in
or buffer (see Note 3) to the graduated cylinder up to the 40 mL
operation, the paddle assembly can be lifted vertically to clear
mark, and then add to the same cylinder a representative
the top of the graduated cylinder.
sample of the oil (or fluid) under test until the top level of the
oil reaches the 80 mL mark on the cylinder. Place the cylinder
7. Reagents and Materials
in the bath, and allow the contents to reach bath temperature.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Normally this will require about 10 min.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
NOTE 3—If initial volumetric measurements are made at room
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
temperature, expansion occurring at the elevated test temperature will
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
have to be considered. F
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6553 − 00 (Reapproved 2010) D6553 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Coolant Compatibility of Way Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6553; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the ability of single-use way lubricants to separate from metalworking coolants (synthetic
coolants, semisynthetic coolants, and soluble oils) or other alkaline aqueous fluids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cuff—a layer between the way oil layer and the coolant or buffer layer that contains significant amounts of both. In
describing this intermediate layer, cuff is preferred to emulsion since many of the coolants are themselves emulsions.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test procedure is essentially identical to Test Method D1401, with the actual coolant or an alkaline buffer replacing the
distilled water of that test method. A 40-mL40 mL sample and 40 mL 40 mL of either actual coolant or a pH 9.0 buffer solution
(see Note 1) are stirred for 5 min 5 min at 54°C54 °C (see Note 2) in a graduated cylinder. The time required for the separation
of the emulsion thus formed is recorded. If complete separation or emulsion reduction to 3 mL 3 mL or less does not occur after
standing for 30 min, 30 min, the volumes of oil (or fluid), water, and emulsion remaining at the time are reported.
NOTE 1—Distilled water is not a satisfactory aqueous phase for testing the ability of way lubricants to separate from coolants because distilled water
gives different results from coolants. The best procedure is to use the actual coolant that the way lubricant will contaminate. A buffer solution of pH 9.0
may be used in place of a specific coolant to predict the separability from alkaline coolants in general.
NOTE 2—It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 8282 °C 6 1°C1 °C when testing way lubricants more viscous than 90
cSt 90 cSt (mm 2/s) /s) at 40°C.40 °C.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 In the normal use of a way lubricant in a machine tool, the way lubricant eventually becomes a contaminant that may
emulsify into the coolant. It is generally desirable to remove this contaminant by skimming; otherwise, the coolant lifetime may
be significantly shortened. This test method provides a guide for determining the separability characteristics of way lubricants that
are expected to get into aqueous alkaline metalworking coolants. It is used for specification of new oils and might be useful in
monitoring of in-service oils.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2016. Published November 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as
D6553–00(2005).D6553 – 00 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D6553-00R10.10.1520/D6553-00R106.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6553 − 00 (2016)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Cylinder, 100 mL, 100 mL, graduated from 55 mL to 100 mL 100 mL in 1.0-mL1.0 mL divisions, made of glass,
heat-resistant glass, or a chemical equivalent. The inside diameter shall be no less than 27 mm 27 mm and no more than 30 mm
30 mm throughout its length, measured from the top to a point 6 mm from the bottom of the cylinder. The overall length of the
cylinder shall be 225225 mm to 260 mm. 260 mm. The graduation shall not be in error by more than 1 mL 1 mL at any point on
the scale.
6.2 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep enough to permit the immersion of at least two test cylinders in the bath liquid
up to their 85-mL85 mL graduations. The bath shall be capable of being maintained at a temperature of 5454 °C 6 1°C1 °C (see
Note 2), and shall be fitted with clamps, which hold the cylinder in a position so that the longitudinal axis of the paddle corresponds
to the vertical center line of the cylinder during the stirring operation. The clamps shall hold the cylinder securely while its contents
are being stirred.
6.3 Stirring Paddle, made of chromium-plated or stainless steel and conforming to the following dimensions: length,
120120 mm 6 1.5 mm; 1.5 mm; width, 1919 mm 6 0.5 mm; thickness, 1.5 mm. 0.5 mm; thickness, 1.5 mm. It is mounted on a
vertical shaft of similar metal, approximately 6 mm in diameter, connected to a drive mechanism that rotates the paddle on its
longitudinal axis at 15001500 r ⁄min 6 1515 r ⁄ rpm. min. The apparatus is of such design that, when the cylinder is clamped in
position and the paddle assembly is lowered into the cylinder, a positive stop engages and holds the assembly when the lower edge
of the paddle is 6 mm 6 mm from the bottom of the cylinder. During the operation of the stirrer, the center of the bottom edge of
the paddle shall not deviate more than 1 mm 1 mm from the axis of rotation. When not in operation, the paddle assembly can be
lifted vertically to clear the top of the graduated cylinder.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined by
Type II of Specification D1193.
7.3 Buffer Solution—A buffer solution of the desired pH may be prepared using reagent-grade chemicals and reagent water.
7.4 Cleaning Solvents, Light-hydrocarbon, such as precipitation naphtha (Warning—Health hazard.) for petroleum oils. Use
other appropriate solvents for dissolving synthetic fluids.
7.5 Acetone. (Warning—Health hazard. Flammable.)
7.6 Cleaning Reagent—Cleaning by either hot NOCHRO-MIX (Warning—Corrosive. Health hazard. Oxidizer.) or a 24-h24 h
soak at room temperature in MICRO solution gave acceptable, statistically equivalent results in rounround robin testing.
8. Sampling
8.1 The test method is very sensitive to small amounts of contamination.
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