ASTM D1318-00(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
Standard Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Excessive amounts of sodium can indicate the presence of materials that cause high wear of burner pumps and valves, and contribute to deposits of boiler heating surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium in residual fuel oil by means of a flame photometer. Its precision in low ranges limits its application to samples containing more than 15 mg/kg sodium. Other elements commonly found in residual fuel oil do not interfere.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 8.2, and Note 3.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D1318 − 00(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1318; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium in
5.1 Flame Photometer, capable of isolating the sodium
residual fuel oil by means of a flame photometer. Its precision
doublet at 589 nm and stable enough to give repeatable
in low ranges limits its application to samples containing more measurements that do not vary more than 5 % of their mean in
than 15 mg/kg sodium. Other elements commonly found in
the 2 to 20 mg/kg range of sodium.
residual fuel oil do not interfere.
5.2 Platinum Dish, 100-mL capacity, approximately 35 mm
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in depth.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.3 Electric Muffle Furnace, capable of operating over a
standard.
variable range from 200 to 600°C and of maintaining a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature of 550 6 50°C.
safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility
6. Reagents and Materials
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 6.3,
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
6.5, 6.7, 8.2, and Note 3.
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
2. Referenced Documents
where such specifications are available. Other grades can be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
accuracy of the determination.
Petroleum Products
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
Petroleum Products
by Type II or III of Specification D1193.
3. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydro-
3.1 A weighed sample is reduced to a carbonaceous ash
chloric acid (HCl). (Warning—Poison. Causes severe burns.
undercontrolledconditions.Theresidualcarbonisremovedby
Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)
heating in a muffle furnace at 550°C. The ash is dissolved,
6.4 Hydrochloric Acid (1+9)—Mix 1 volume of HCl (sp gr
diluted to volume, and the sodium determined by means of a
1.19) with 9 volumes of water.
flame photometer.
6.5 Hydrofluoric Acid (48 %)—Concentrated hydrofluoric
4. Significance and Use
acid (HF). (Warning—Poison. Causes severe burns. Harmful
4.1 Excessive amounts of sodium can indicate the presence
or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)
of materials that cause high wear of burner pumps and valves,
6.6 Sodium Solution, Standard (1000 mg Na/L)—Dissolve
and contribute to deposits of boiler heating surfaces.
3.088 60.005gofdriedsodiumsulfate(Na SO )inwaterand
2 4
dilute to 1 L in a volumetric flask. Store in a polyethylene
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
bottle.
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1318 – 00 (2005). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
DOI: 10.1520/D1318-00R11. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
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D1318 − 00 (2011)
6.7 Sulfuric Acid (1+1)—Carefully add, while stirring, 1 than 75 g require a second filling of the platinum dish; for such
volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (H SO , sp gr 1.84) to 1 samples, obtain the sample weight from the difference between
2 4
volume of water. (Warning—Poison. Causes severe burns. the initial and final weights of the sample bottle. Place the
Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.) platinum dish containing the fuel oil on a silica triangle
properly supported, and heat with a bunsen burner until the
7. Sampling contents ignite and burn readily (Note 3). Continue heating
with the burner in such a manner that the sample burns at a
7.1 Sampling shall be done in accordance with Practices
uniform and moderate rate and only ash and carbon remain
D4057 or Test Method D4177.
afterburningceases.Forsampleslargerthan75g,coolthedish
7.2 Use a clear, clean glass pint bottle, previously rinsed
and fill it approximately two-thirds full with additional well-
twice with HCl (1+9) and once with water and allowed to dry,
shaken sample, and burn as above.
for sampling the bulk material or plant streams. Obtain a
NOTE 2—Handle the platinum dish only with platinum-tip tongs and do
representative sample but do not fill the bottle more than about
not touch it with the fingers during the test. Carefully dust the bottom of
two-thirds full. Warm viscous samples until they can be mixed
the dish with a clean camel-hair brush before each weighing.
readily. Stir up any material that has settled out and shake the
NOTE 3—If sample contains an appreciable amount of water, as
sample for 3 min just prior to weighing it out. indicated by spattering when heated, add a few millilitres of ethyl-alcohol
(95 %) (Warning—Flammable) or isopropyl alcohol (99 %) (Warning—
7.3 Optimumsamplesizeformostinstrumentsisthatwhich
Flammable) before heating. Include the alcohol in the blank determina-
contains from 0.5 to 1.0 mg of sodium. Estimate the sample
tion.
size as follows (see Note 1):
9.1.2 Place the dish in a muffle furnace at no more than
Sample size, g 5 750/estimated sodium content, mg/kg (1)
200°C (Note 3). Slowly raise the temperature to 550 6 50°C.
NOTE 1—An estimate of the maximum amount of sodium in a sample
Leave the muffle door slightly ajar until only a little carbon
can be obtained from its ash value. For example, an ash of 0.01 % would
remains in the dish; then close the door and continue the
undoubtedly have less than 0.005 % sodium (50 ppm). If there is no
ignition until no carbon is visible.
estimate as to the probable sodium range in a sample, it is more expedient
to weigh out a large amount, for example 60 g, because the test method
NOTE 4—The platinum dishes should be place
...
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