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ASTM F641-09(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Implantable Epoxy Electronic Encapsulants

Standard Specification for Implantable Epoxy Electronic Encapsulants

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoset plastics based on diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and amino functional curing agents or amine catalysts for implantable epoxy electronic encapsulants. Encapsulants shall be classified depending on contact with tissues or physiological fluids. Chemical composition requirements may include additives, phthalate esters, amines, catalysts, and carbonates. The material shall be tested for the following physical properties: peak exotherm temperature, transparency, foreign particles, USP biological test plastic containers, USP pyrogen test, sterilant residues, cure shrinkage, embedment stress, tissue culture test, long-term immersion test, and accelerated immersion test. The material shall also be inspected with infrared spectroscopy, amine number, epoxide equivalent weight, spectrographic analysis, and total nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoset plastics based on diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and amino functional curing agents or amine catalysts.  
1.2 The epoxy encapsulants covered by this specification are intended to provide a tissue-compatible protective covering for implantable medical devices such as pulse generators, telemetry devices, and RF receivers. The biocompatibility of epoxy plastics has not been established. Epoxy plastic is a generic term relating to the class of polymers formed from epoxy resins, certain curing agents or catalysts, and various additives. Since many compositions and formulations fall under this category, it is essential that the fabricator ensure safety of implantability of the specific composition or formulation for the intended use by current state-of-the-art test methods. This specification can be used as a basis for standardized evaluation of biocompatibility for such implantable encapsulants.  
1.3 The encapsulants covered by this specification are for use in devices intended as long-term implants.  
1.4 Limitations—This specification covers only the initial qualification of epoxy encapsulants for implantable electronic circuitry. Some of the requirements are not applicable to routine lot-to-lot quality control.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2022
ICS
11.040.40 - Implants for surgery, prosthetics and orthotics
Technical Committee
F04 - Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
Drafting Committee
F04.11 - Polymeric Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F641-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Implantable Epoxy Electronic EncapsulantsASTM F641-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Implantable Epoxy Electronic Encapsulants
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ASTM F641-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Implantable Epoxy Electronic Encapsulants
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F641 −09 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
1
Implantable Epoxy Electronic Encapsulants
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF641;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers thermoset plastics based on
diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and amino functional curing
2. Referenced Documents
agents or amine catalysts.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The epoxy encapsulants covered by this specification
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
areintendedtoprovideatissue-compatibleprotectivecovering
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
for implantable medical devices such as pulse generators,
at Commercial Power Frequencies
telemetry devices, and RF receivers. The biocompatibility of
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
epoxy plastics has not been established. Epoxy plastic is a
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
generic term relating to the class of polymers formed from
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
epoxy resins, certain curing agents or catalysts, and various
Insulating Materials
additives. Since many compositions and formulations fall
D570Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
under this category, it is essential that the fabricator ensure
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
safety of implantability of the specific composition or formu-
D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
lation for the intended use by current state-of-the-art test
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
methods. This specification can be used as a basis for stan-
als
dardized evaluation of biocompatibility for such implantable
D1042Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
encapsulants.
Plastics Caused by Exposure to Heat and Moisture
1.3 The encapsulants covered by this specification are for
D1239Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Films to
use in devices intended as long-term implants.
Extraction by Chemicals
D1434TestMethodforDeterminingGasPermeabilityChar-
1.4 Limitations—This specification covers only the initial
acteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
qualification of epoxy encapsulants for implantable electronic
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
circuitry. Some of the requirements are not applicable to
ness
routine lot-to-lot quality control.
D2471PracticeforGelTimeandPeakExothermicTempera-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
tureofReactingThermosettingResins(Withdrawn2008)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2562Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Parts
standard.
Molded from Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2566Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of CuredThermo-
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
setting Casting Resins During Cure (Withdrawn 1993)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D3137Test Method for Rubber Property—Hydrolytic Sta-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bility
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
F74Practice for Determining Hydrolytic Stability of Plastic
3
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Encapsulants for Electronic Devices (Withdrawn 1994)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
F135TestMethodforEmbedmentStressCausedbyCasting
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee F04.11 on Polymeric Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F641–09 (2014). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F0641-09R23. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM Internat
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies a test method for determining the endurance properties and deformation, under specified laboratory conditions, of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial bearing components used in bicompartmental or tricompartmental knee prosthesis designs.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material requirements for calcium phosphate coatings for surgical implant applications.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification provides requirements for materials, finish and marking, care and handling, and the acceptable dimensions and tolerances for metallic bone screws that are implanted into bone. There are a large variety of medical bone screws currently in use, the following type of screws are used: type HA - spherical undersurface of head, shallow, asymmetrical buttress thread, and deep screw head, type HB - spherical undersurface of head, deep, asymmetrical buttress thread, and shallow screw head, type HC - conical undersurface of head, symmetrical thread, and type HD - conical undersurface of head, symmetrical thread. The torsional strength, breaking angle, axial pullout strength, insertion torque, self-tapping force, and removal torque shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A1.1 Significance and Use
A1.1.1 This test method is used to measure the torsional yield strength, maximum torque, and breaking angle of the bone screw under standard conditions. The results obtained in this test method are not intended to predict the torque encountered while inserting or removing a bone screw in human or animal bone. This test method is intended only to measure the uniformity of the product tested or to compare the mechanical properties of different, yet similarly sized, products.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for materials, finish and marking, care and handling, and the acceptable dimensions and tolerances for metallic bone screws that are implanted into bone. The dimensions and tolerances in this specification are applicable only to metallic bone screws described in this specification.  
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1.2.2 Annex A2—Test Method for Driving Torque of Medical Bone Screws.  
1.2.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Determining the Axial Pullout Load of Medical Bone Screws.  
1.2.4 Annex A4—Test Method for Determining the Self-Tapping Performance of Self-Tapping Medical Bone Screws.  
1.2.5 Annex A5—Specifications for Type HA and Type HB Metallic Bone Screws.  
1.2.6 Annex A6—Specifications for Type HC and Type HD Metallic Bone Screws.  
1.2.7 Annex A7—Specifications for Metallic Bone Screw Drive Connections.  
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1.6 This standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F3047M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for High Demand Hip Simulator Wear Testing of Hard-on-Hard Articulations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The current hip simulator wear test standards (ISO 14242-1 or ISO 14242-3) stipulate only one load waveform and one set of articulation motions. There is a need for more versatile and rigorous wear test regimes, but the knowledge of what represents realistic high demand wear test features is limited. More research is clearly needed before a standard that defines what a representative high demand wear test should include can be written. The objective of this guide is to advise researchers on the possible high demand wear test features that should be included in evaluation of hard-on-hard articulations.  
5.2 This guide makes suggestions of what high demand test features may need to be added to an overall high demand wear test regime. The features described here are not meant to be all inclusive. Based on current knowledge they appear to be relevant to adverse conditions that can occur in clinical use.  
5.3 All the test features, both conventional and high demand, could have interactive effects on the wear of the components.
SCOPE
1.1 The objective of this guide is to advise researchers on the possible high demand wear test features that should be included in evaluation of hard-on-hard articulations. This guide makes suggestions for high demand test features that may need to be added to an overall wear test regime. Device articulating components manufactured from other metallic alloys, ceramics, or with coated or elementally modified surfaces without significant clinical use could possibly be evaluated with this guide. However, such materials may include risks and failure mechanisms that are not addressed in this guide.  
1.2 Hard-on-hard hip bearing systems include metal-on-metal (for example, Specifications F75, F799, and F1537; ISO 5832-4, ISO 5832-12), ceramic-on-ceramic (for example, ISO 6474-1, ISO 6474-2, ISO 13356), ceramic-on-metal, or any other bearing systems where both the head and cup components have high surface hardness. An argument has been made that the hard-on-hard THR articulation may be better for younger, more active patients. These younger patients may be more physically fit and expect to be able to perform more energetic activities. Consequently, new designs of hard-on-hard THR articulations may have some implantations subjected to more demanding and longer wear performance requirements.  
1.3 Total Hip Replacement (THR) with metal-on-metal articulations have been used clinically for more than 50 years (1, 2).2 Early designs had mixed clinical results. Eventually they were eclipsed by THR systems using metal-on-polyethylene articulations. In the 1990s the metal-on-metal articulation again became popular with more modern designs (3), including surface replacement.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F3141-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Total Knee Replacement Loading Profiles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test guide is to provide load profile information on how one could test a total knee replacement in order to evaluate in vitro its function and wear during several types of knee motions as described in 4.2 and 4.3.  
4.2 This test guide may help characterize the magnitude and location of implant wear as an implant is repetitively moved according to specified load and displacement waveforms.  
4.3 This test guide may also help characterize the functional limitations of a total knee replacement as its motion is guided by these waveforms. These limitations may be observed as impingement, subluxation, or high loading in the soft tissue constraints, whether they are represented physically or virtually.  
4.4 The motions and load conditions in vivo will, in general, differ from the load and motions defined in this guide. The results obtained from this guide cannot be used to directly predict in vivo performance. However, this guide is designed to allow for comparisons in performance of different knee designs, when tested under similar conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 Motion path, load history, and loading modalities all contribute to the wear, degradation, and damage of implanted prosthetics. Simulating a variety of functional activities promises more realistic testing for wear and damage mode evaluation. Such activities are often called activities of daily living (ADLs). ADLs identified in the literature include walking, stair ascent and descent, sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, squatting, kneeling, cross-legged sitting, into bath, out of bath, turning, and cutting motions (1-7).2 Activities other than walking gait often involve an extended range of motion and higher imposed loading conditions, which have the ability to cause damage and modes of failure other than normal wear (8-10).  
1.2 This document provides guidance for functional simulation that could be used to evaluate in vitro the durability of knee prosthetic devices under force control.  
1.3 Function simulation is defined as the reproduction of loads and motions that might be encountered in activities of daily living, but it does not necessarily cover every possible type of loading. Functional simulation differs from typical wear testing in that it attempts to exercise the prosthetic device through a variety of loading and motion conditions such as might be encountered in situ in the human body in order to reveal various damage modes and damage mechanisms that might be encountered throughout the life of the prosthetic device.  
1.4 Force control is defined as the mode of control of the test machine that accepts a force level as the set point input and which utilizes a force feedback signal in a control loop to achieve that set point input. For knee simulation, the flexion motion is placed under angular displacement control, internal and external rotation is placed under torque control, and axial load, anterior-posterior shear, and medial-lateral shear are placed under force control.  
1.5 This document establishes kinetic and kinematic test conditions for several activities of daily living, including walking, turning navigational movements, stair climbing, stair descent, and squatting. The kinetic and kinematic test conditions are expressed as reference waveforms used to drive the relevant simulator machine actuators. These waveforms represent motion, as in the case of flexion extension, or kinetic signals representing the forces and moments resulting from body dynamics, gravitation, and the active musculature acting across the knee.  
1.6 This document does not address the assessment or measurement of damage modes, or wear or failure of the prosthetic device.  
1.7 This document is a guide. As defined by ASTM in their “Form and Style for ASTM Standards” book in section C15.2, “A standard guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. Guides are intended ...

  • Guide
    34 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    34 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off