ASTM D3707-89(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions by the Oven Test Method
Standard Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions by the Oven Test Method
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the stability of water-in-oil emulsions when held at a constant elevated temperature.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3707–89(Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Storage Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions by the
Oven Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 Graduated Cylinder—A stoppered 100-mL glass cylin-
der graduated in 1-mL increments. The stopper should have a
1.1 This test method covers the stability of water-in-oil
vent groove to prevent pressure buildup during the test.
emulsions when held at a constant elevated temperature.
5.3 Pipet, 10-mL glass.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.4 Microsyringe, 0.05-mLglass with a fixed needle, No. 19
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gage, point style No. 3.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.5 Glass Vials, approximately 30-mL size.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Preparation of Sample
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
6.1 To ensure uniformity of the sample, it should be mixed
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
thoroughly before removing the quantity required for the test.
only.
Vigorous hand shaking or mechanical mixing for 3 to 5 min is
2. Referenced Documents recommended for litre-size containers or less.
6.2 Special difficulties arise in mixing and withdrawing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
representative samples from large containers.This is due to the
D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-
nature of water-in-oil emulsions which are two-phase systems
ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent
as distinct from truly homogeneous systems. Vigorous me-
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
chanical stirring for an extended period is the best means of
Ventilation Ovens
achieving homogeneity. However, for unstable emulsions that
3. Summary of Test Method
havebeeninstorageforsometime,thereisnosatisfactoryway
to obtain a representative sample.
3.1 A 100-mL sample contained in a graduated 100-mL
cylinder is placed in a thermostatically controlled oven at 85°C
7. Procedure A—48-h Test
(185°F) for 48 or 96 h. The sample is then examined for the
7.1 After careful preparation of the sample to obtain homo-
amount of free oil and free water separated. In addition, water
geneity (described in Section 6), transfer 100 mL to a gradu-
contents of the sample at specified levels in the upper and
ated 100-mL cylinder. Insert the vented stopper.
lower layers of the sample are also obtained.
7.2 Placethecylinderinaconvectionovenmaintainedat85
4. Significance and Use
6 1°C (185 6 2°F) for a period of 48 h. Take care to position
the graduated cylinder in the oven generally in the center and
4.1 This test method indicates the stability of the emulsion
raise at least 75 mm from the bottom of the oven, to ensure
during storage and normal usage.
temperature uniformity.
5. Apparatus
NOTE 1—Whencarryingoutanumberoftestsatthesametime,arrange
5.1 Convection Oven, meeting the requirements of Specifi-
the cylinders to avoid developing temperature variations in the oven due
cation E 145. to inadequate convection.The number of tests carried out at the same time
should, for the same reason, also be restricted.
7.3 Withdraw the cylinder from the oven and allow to stand
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
at room temperature, 21 6 3°C (70 6 5°F), for a period of 1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
h.
D02.N0.02 on Industrial Applications.
7.4 Observe and record:
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1989. Published December 1989. Originally
published as D 3707 – 78. Last previous edition D 3707 – 83.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. A “crows-foot” cylinder, British Standard BS 658, may be used.
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D3707
7.4.1 The amount of oil separated, percent volume and 10.1.1 Type I—Stable Emulsions (Procedures A and B):
7.4.2 The amount of water separated, percent volume. 10.1.1.1 The precision of the test method as determined by
7.5 By means of a 10-mL pipet, withdraw aliquots in the the statistical examination of interlaboratory test results is as
following order: follows.
7.5.1 With the pipet tip located exactly at the 80-mL mark, 10.1.1.2 Repeatability—The difference between successive
slowly withdraw a 10-mL sample and transfer to a small glass results obtained by the same operator with the same
...
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