ASTM D8299-19

Standard Guide for Using Metal Ratios in Soils to Distinguish Between Anthropogenic and Natural Beryllium

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) and Beryllium Sensitization (Be-S) caused by exposure to anthropogenic Beryllium (A-Be) are a continuing health concern in the nuclear and defense industries. The traditional worker protection strategy has been to compare total Be (T-Be) measurements taken in workplaces with appropriate limits or local background Be measurements. That strategy can be ineffective, however, where naturally occurring Be (N-Be) from local soils can be a non-negligible component of the measured T-Be. N-Be is not known to have adverse health effects. This MRM uses the ratio(s) of measurements of Be with measurements of one or more metals found in background materials, but not likely to be in facilities, to predict the amount of N-Be expected in individual samples based on the measurement(s) of the predictor metal(s) in those samples. The measured T-Be can be compared with the predictions to estimate the amount of A-Be present, if any.  
5.2 In order to use the MRM it is required to identify local sources of N-Be that can be credibly transported into facilities, along with a means of sampling those sources. It would be helpful also to have insight into the metal content of the soils at those sources, to facilitate the identification of candidate predictor metals. Regarding the latter, there are published databases describing the chemistry of surface soils in many regions; however, information found in those databases should be regarded as suggestive, due to the modified sample preparation and analysis methods currently expected to be used because of the need to digest high-fired BeO, one form of A-Be of concern.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a general approach to planning investigations in which the goal is to obtain background measurements of naturally occurring Beryllium (N-Be) along with one or more predictor metals in local soils, to be used in predicting the amount of N-Be expected in samples taken for evaluation using the Metal Ratio Method (MRM). Generally, systematic random sampling is recommended, after which the results are interpreted using statistical methods described in this guide.  
1.2 The total Be (T-Be) measured in evaluation samples can then be compared with the predicted N-Be to estimate the amount of anthropogenic Be (A-Be) present, if any. Several scenarios are discussed in which samples taken and analyzed for T-Be for worker or public protection purposes might include both N-Be and A-Be (see 6.1). This method can allow the N-Be and A-Be components of T-Be measurements to be estimated.  
1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the Wo...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2019
• ICS: 13.080.10 - Chemical characteristics of soils
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.01 - Surface and Subsurface Investigation

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D653-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8299 − 19
Standard Guide for
Using Metal Ratios in Soils to Distinguish Between
1
Anthropogenic and Natural Beryllium
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8299; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide describes a general approach to planning
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
investigations in which the goal is to obtain background
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
measurements of naturally occurring Beryllium (N-Be) along
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
with one or more predictor metals in local soils, to be used in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
predicting the amount of N-Be expected in samples taken for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
evaluation using the Metal Ratio Method (MRM). Generally,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
systematic random sampling is recommended, after which the
results are interpreted using statistical methods described in
2. Referenced Documents
this guide.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The total Be (T-Be) measured in evaluation samples can
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
then be compared with the predicted N-Be to estimate the
Fluids
amount of anthropogenic Be (A-Be) present, if any. Several
D7458 Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in Soil,
scenarios are discussed in which samples taken and analyzed
Rock, Sediment, and Fly Ash Using Ammonium Bifluo-
for T-Be for worker or public protection purposes might
ride Extraction and Fluorescence Detection
include both N-Be and A-Be (see 6.1). This method can allow
the N-Be and A-Be components of T-Be measurements to be
3. Terminology
estimated.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
4. Summary of Guide
of action. This document cannot replace education or experi-
4.1 This guide describes a Metal Ratio Method (MRM) for
ence and should be used in conjunction with professional
using ratios of measurements of naturally occurring Beryllium
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
(N-Be) with one or more predictor metals in local background
circumstances. This ASTM standard guide is not intended to
soils to predict the amount of N-Be expected in samples taken
representorreplacethestandardofcarebywhichtheadequacy
in workplaces or other settings to be evaluated. The total Be
of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
(T-Be) measured in each individual sample can then be
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
compared with the predicted N-Be to give an estimate of the
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
amount of anthropogenic Be (A-Be) present in that sample, if
document means only that the document has been approved
any. Being based on ratios, this method can accommodate
through the ASTM consensus process.
varying dilutions of the soils with other materials, including
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
wipe matrices.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This guide describes the major steps involved in imple-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
menting a MRM at a site. These include:
1
Thistestmethodisunder the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD18onSoiland
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subsurface Characterization. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2019. Published January 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8299-19 the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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