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ASTM D6198-01e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design

Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packaging for distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage, and transportation.
1.2 The principal content of this guide is the identification of the key steps involved in development of transport packages, including shipping containers, interior protective packaging, and unit loads. It is recognized that actual usage and application to individual design projects may vary appreciably without diminishing the value of the process. Consult with a packaging professional whenever needed.
1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary packaging unless the primary package is planned for use as a shipping container.
1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rules regarding packaging for shipment via each mode of transportation in which the transport package may move, such as the National Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) and the Uniform Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardous materials packaging, the packaging must perform to the requirements of the applicable modal regulations listed in Section 2.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
55.180.10 - General purpose containers
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6198-01 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D6198-07 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5118/D5118M-22 - Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5168-22 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard Containers
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM D6198-01e1 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging DesignASTM D6198-01e1 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
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ASTM D6198-01e1 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 6198 – 01
Standard Guide for
1
Transport Packaging Design
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in June 2002.
1. Scope D 880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-
tainers and Systems
1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packaging
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
for distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage,
ments
and transportation.
D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
1.2 The principal content of this guide is the identification
Containers
of the key steps involved in development of transport pack-
D 1974 Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, and
ages, including shipping containers, interior protective pack-
Reinforcing Fiberboard Boxes
aging, and unit loads. It is recognized that actual usage and
D 3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of
application to individual design projects may vary appreciably
Products, Using Shock Machines
without diminishing the value of the process. Consult with a
D 3580 TestMethodsforVibration(VerticalLinearMotion)
packaging professional whenever needed.
Test of Products
1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary pack-
D 4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
aging unless the primary package is planned for use as a
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
shipping container.
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rules
tainers and Systems
regarding packaging for shipment via each mode of transpor-
D 4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of
tation in which the transport package may move, such as the
Shipping Containers
National Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) and
D 4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packag-
the Uniform Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardous
ings
materials packaging, the packaging must perform to the re-
D 4276 Practice for Confined Area Entry
quirements of the applicable modal regulations listed in Sec-
D 5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Con-
tion 2.
tainers by Shock Machines
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport
2. Referenced Documents Packages
2
D 6537 Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
For Determination of Package Performance
D 642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-
2.2 ISO Standard:
tance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit
ISO 4180 Complete Filled Transport Packages—General
Loads
3
RulesfortheCompilationofPerformanceTestSchedules
2.3 Other Documents:
4
National Motor Freight Classification
1
5
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand
Uniform Freight Classification, Rail Publication Service
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 onApplication of Performance
Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 23, 2002. Published December 2001. Originally
3
published as D 6198 – 98. Last previous edition D 6198 – 00. Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc., American
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Trucking Associations, 2200 Mill Road, Alexandria, VA 22314.
5
the ASTM website. Available from 151 Ellis Street NE, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA, 33035-6021.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
D6198–01
International Civil Aviation Organization Technical Instruc- parties,suchascustomersorendusers,shouldbeco
...

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4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materials are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing, while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the dropping surface.
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1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container (IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads in accordance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material Regulations (HMR).  
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4.1 This guide assists users in design and development of packaging intended for the protection of goods while they are in transit from point of origin to final destination. By following all steps of this guide, users will be assured that the most important factors are included in package design. In some cases, the sequence of steps may be changed, and often the steps may occur simultaneously with concurrent work activities.  
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Note 1: For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops, 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.4  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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