ASTM C1576-05(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Ambient Temperature
Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Ambient Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The service life of many structural ceramic components is often limited by the subcritical growth of cracks. This test method provides an approach for appraising the relative slow crack growth susceptibility of ceramic materials under specified environments at ambient temperature. Furthermore, this test method may establish the influences of processing variables and composition on slow crack growth as well as on strength behavior of newly developed or existing materials, thus allowing tailoring and optimizing material processing for further modification. In summary, this test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, design code or model verification, and limited design data generation purposes.
Note 4—Data generated by this test method do not necessarily correspond to crack velocities that may be encountered in service conditions. The use of data generated by this test method for design purposes, depending on the range and magnitude of applied stresses used, may entail extrapolation and uncertainty.
This test method is related to Test Method C1368 (“constant stress-rate flexural testing”), however, C1368 uses constant stress rates to determine corresponding flexural strengths whereas this test method employs constant stress to determine corresponding times to failure. In general, the data generated by this test method may be more representative of actual service conditions as compared with those by constant stress-rate testing. However, in terms of test time, constant stress testing is inherently and significantly more time- consuming than constant stress rate testing.
The flexural stress computation in this test method is based on simple elastic beam theory, with the assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. The grain size should be no greater than one fiftieth (1/50) of the beam depth as measure...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard test method covers the determination of slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of advanced ceramics by using constant stress flexural testing in which time to failure of flexure test specimens is determined in four-point flexure as a function of constant applied stress in a given environment at ambient temperature. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, test stress levels, data collection and analysis, and reporting procedures are addressed. The decrease in time to failure with increasing applied stress in a specified environment is the basis of this test method that enables the evaluation of slow crack growth parameters of a material. The preferred analysis in the present method is based on a power law relationship between crack velocity and applied stress intensity; alternative analysis approaches are also discussed for situations where the power law relationship is not applicable.
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Designation: C1576 − 05 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of
Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing
1
(Stress Rupture) at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1576; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 This test method is intended for use with various test
environments such as air, other gaseous environments and
1.1 This standard test method covers the determination of
liquids.
slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of advanced ceramics by
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
using constant stress flexural testing in which time to failure of
standard and in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard.
flexure test specimens is determined in four-point flexure as a
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials,
function of constant applied stress in a given environment at
ambient temperature. In addition, test specimen fabrication operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is
methods, test stress levels, data collection and analysis, and
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
reporting procedures are addressed. The decrease in time to
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
failure with increasing applied stress in a specified environ-
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ment is the basis of this test method that enables the evaluation
of slow crack growth parameters of a material. The preferred
2. Referenced Documents
analysis in the present method is based on a power law
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
relationship between crack velocity and applied stress inten-
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
sity; alternative analysis approaches are also discussed for
C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
situations where the power law relationship is not applicable.
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
NOTE 1—The test method in this standard is frequently referred to as
C1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
2
“static fatigue” or stress-rupture testing Ref (1-3) in which the term
Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
“fatigue” is used interchangeably with the term “slow crack growth.” To
C1368 Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack
avoidpossibleconfusionwiththe“fatigue”phenomenonofamaterialthat
Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant
occursexclusivelyundercyclicloading,asdefinedinTerminologyE1823,
Stress-Rate Strength Testing at Ambient Temperature
this test method uses the term “ constant stress testing” rather than “static
fatigue” testing.
C1465 Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack
Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant
1.2 This test method applies primarily to monolithic ad-
Stress-Rate Flexural Testing at Elevated Temperatures
vanced ceramics that are macroscopically homogeneous and
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
isotropic. This test method may also be applied to certain
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
whisker- or particle-reinforced ceramics as well as certain
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics that exhibit
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
macroscopicallyhomogeneousbehavior.Generally,continuous
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
fiber ceramic composites do not exhibit macroscopically
peratures)
isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the applica-
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
tion of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
1 3. Terminology
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
3.1 Definitions:
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
3
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1576 – 05. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1576-05R10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Ba
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1576–05 Designation:C1576–05 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of
Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing
1
(Stress Rupture) at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1576; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard test method covers the determination of slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of advanced ceramics by using
constant stress flexural testing in which time to failure of flexure test specimens is determined in four-point flexure as a function
ofconstantappliedstressinagivenenvironmentatambienttemperature.Inaddition,testspecimenfabricationmethods,teststress
levels, data collection and analysis, and reporting procedures are addressed.The decrease in time to failure with increasing applied
stress in a specified environment is the basis of this test method that enables the evaluation of slow crack growth parameters of
a material. The preferred analysis in the present method is based on a power law relationship between crack velocity and applied
stressintensity;alternativeanalysisapproachesarealsodiscussedforsituationswherethepowerlawrelationshipisnotapplicable.
NOTE 1—The test method in this test method standard is frequently referred to as “static fatigue” or stress-rupture testing (Refs (1-3))) in which the
term “fatigue” is used interchangeably with the term “slow crack growth.” To avoid possible confusion with the “fatigue” phenomenon of a material that
occurs exclusively under cyclic loading, as defined in Terminology E1823, this test method uses the term “ constant stress testing” rather than “static
fatiguetesting. ” testing.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics that are macroscopically homogeneous and isotropic.
This test method may also be applied to certain whisker- or particle-reinforced ceramics as well as certain discontinuous
fiber-reinforced composite ceramics that exhibit macroscopically homogeneous behavior. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic
composites do not exhibit macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the application of this test method
to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 This test method is intended for use with various test environments such as air, other gaseous environments and liquids.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and in accordance with SI10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 .
Standard.
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address
all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
C1368 Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate
Flexural Testing at Ambient Temperature
C1465 Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate
Flexural Testing at Elevated Temperatures
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on
Mechanical Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005 DOI: 10.1520/C1576-05.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1576 - 05. DOI:
10.1520/C1576-05R10.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information,
...
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