ASTM F1231-08
(Guide)Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Rivers and Creeks
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Rivers and Creeks
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.
This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have failed.
1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered.
1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1231 − 08
StandardGuide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill
Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
1
Rivers and Creeks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 Thisguidecoverstheuseofoilspilldispersantstoassist
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal
of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal
2. Referenced Documents
is the basis on which the recommendations are made.Aesthetic
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of
and other factors are often important in spill response.
Dispersant Use
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control
or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is
3. Significance and Use
given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It
3.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response
is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have
teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill
failed.
events.
1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site-specific circum-
dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied
stances.
correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regula-
tions. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is
4. Environment Covered—Rivers and Creeks
assumed that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural
4.1 Rivers and creeks are moving bodies of fresh water that
environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and
are a significant part of major water systems. They have a
refined petroleum products. Differences between individual
dynamic near-shore ecology and a wide variety of animal and
dispersants or between different oil products are not consid-
plant species. In northern regions, these water bodies may be
ered.
partly or completely ice covered during part of the year.
1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example,
Shallow rivers and most creeks may freeze to the bottom in the
small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It
winter.Commerciallyimportantfishingandrecreationalactivi-
considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats
ties are frequently associated with these water bodies.
from impact (or to minimize impacts).
4.2 Rivers generally refer to large bodies of moving water,
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland
whereas creeks are smaller bodies of flowing water.
environments. It does not consider the direct application of
4.3 The characteristics of these water bodies are:
dispersants to subsurface waters.
4.3.1 Flowing water,
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate govern-
4.3.2 Water depths in excess of1mis designated as a river,
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.
shallower would be a creek,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3.3 A low organic content bottom except in shallow near
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shore still-water areas,
4.3.4 Acidic water in some areas especially near industrial
regions,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.13 on Treatment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F1231 – 89 (1999). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1231-08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F1231 − 08
4.3.5 A well defined source or outlet, or both, and 6.2 Guide F2532 should be followed before making a
4.3.6 A well defined shoreline consisting of sand beaches decision to use dispersants in a river or creek.
and rocky headlands similar to marine and lake environments.
6.3 In most cases, the mortality of individual creatures,
while of
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1231–89(Reapproved 2008) Designation: F 1231 – 08
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of OilspillOil Spill
Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
1
Rivers and Creeks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of
minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made.Aesthetic and
socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given
equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as “last resort” after all other methods have failed.
1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied
correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed
that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum
products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered.
1.4 This guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the
use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts) and to clean them after a spill takes place.
impacts).
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of
dispersants to subsurface waters.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1This guide is meant to aid local and regional response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.
2.2This guide should be adapted to site-specific circumstances. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F 2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of Dispersant Use
3. Environment Covered—Rivers and Creeks
3.1Rivers and creeks are moving bodies of fresh water that are a significant part of major water systems. They have a dynamic
near shore ecology, and a wide variety of animal and plant species. In northern regions, these water bodies may be partly or
completely ice covered during part of the year. Shallow rivers and most creeks may freeze to the bottom in the winter.
Commercially important fishing and recreational activities are frequently associated with these water bodies.
3.2Rivers generally refer to large bodies of moving water, whereas creeks are smaller bodies of flowing water.
3.3The characteristics of these water bodies are:
3.3.1Flowing water,
3.3.2Water depths in excess of1mis designated as a river, shallower would be a creek,
3.3.3A low organic content bottom except in shallow near shore still-water areas,
3.3.4Acidic water in some areas especially near industrial regions,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved Jan.March 1, 2008. Published FebruaryMarch 2008. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1231 – 89 (1999).
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
...
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