ASTM F2191-02

Standard Specification for Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Braided Yarn

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers staple or continuous filament carbon/graphite yarn valve stem compression packing, suitable for use as end-rings on packing systems for valves. Intended services include steam, hydrocarbons, water and non-oxidizing chemicals. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM F 2191, Sections apply. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoD F 2191, Sections and the Supplementary Requirements are applicable.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2002
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.02 - Insulation/Processes

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F2191-02(2008) - Standard Specification for Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Braided Yarn
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 2191 – 02
Standard Specification for
Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Braided Yarn
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3684 Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal by the
1.1 This specification covers staple or continuous filament
Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Atomic Absorption Method
carbon/graphiteyarnvalvestemcompressionpacking,suitable
D3761 Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal by the
for use as end-rings on packing systems for valves. Intended
Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode
servicesincludesteam,hydrocarbons,waterandnon-oxidizing
Method
chemicals. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
F2191, Sections 1-18 apply. Where this specification is in-
D4239 Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of
voked as ASTM/DoD F2191, Sections 1-18 and the Supple-
Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace
mentary Requirements are applicable.
Combustion Methods
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.2 Military Standards:
standard.
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
MIL-P-24583 Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Braided Yarn
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-P-24503 Packing Material, Graphitic, Corrugated Rib-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bon or Textured Tape and Preformed Ring
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.3 Fluid Sealing Association Handbook:
2. Referenced Documents Guidelines for the Use of Compression Packings, Copyright
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C135 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
3. Terminology
Materials by Water Immersion
3 3.1 base fiber density—bulk density of the base fiber before
C561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite Sample
being coated or impregnated and braided into packing; ex-
C562 Test Method for Moisture in a Graphite Sample
pressed as lb/ft .
C816 TestMethodforSulfurinGraphitebyCombustion—
3.2 braided flexible graphite—a braid constructed of con-
Iodometric Titration Method
tinuous strands or strips of expanded flexible graphite tape or
C889 TestMethodsforChemicalandMassSpectrographic
ribbons which may have been overwrapped or have imbedded
Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Gadolinium Oxide (Gd O )
2 3
4 reinforcing fibers.
Powder
3.3 carbon fibers—fibers used in braided packing are pro-
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
5 duced from viscose rayon, pitch, or polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
eral Bomb Method)
andaredefinedasayarnwithacarbonassayoflessthan99%.
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
6 3.4 carbon yarns—manufactured from continuous or staple
D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
carbon fibers that are twisted or plied into continuous indi-
D1246 Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water
vidual strands of between 6 and 18 µm in diameter.
D3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the
3.5 carbon/graphite fibers—carbon/graphite fibers used in
braided packing are produced from viscose rayon, pitch, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships
polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on
Insulation/Processes.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
3 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.
5 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from the Fluid Sealing Association, 994 Old Eagle School Road,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Suite 1019, Wayne, PA 19087-1866.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2191–02
TABLE 2 Detrimental Materials (Class 2 only (see 13.8))
3.6 centerorcornerfillerstrands—strandsoffiber/yarnthat
run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the braid in the corners Maximum Allowable Total
Element Impurity Levels in
or center to control the internal density and dimensional
parts per million (ppm)
stability of the braid.
Mercury (Hg) 10
3.7 continuous—individual fibers are almost infinite in
Sulfur (S) 750
length.
Total halogens (chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) 500
Chlorine (Cl) 250
3.8 continuous or staple carbon/graphite—continuous or
Bromine (Br) 250
staple defines the length of the individual fibers in the
Fluorine (F) 250
carbonaceous yarn. Continuous means the fibers are infinite in
lengthandstaplemeanstheindividualfibersareatleast75mm
(3 in.) long and preferably 150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in.) long.All
3.20 staple carbon/graphite—individual fibers are at least
of the fibers are between 6 to 18 µm in diameter and are
75 mm (3 in.) long and preferably 150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in.)
twisted/plied into continuous strands called yarns.
long.
3.9 corrosion inhibitors—additives to the yarn or braid to 3.21 unraveling—a loss of the original braiding shape or
function in a passive or sacrificial manner to reduce galvanic
dimensionsofthecutendextendingfromthecutforadistance
corrosion such as embedded zinc powder, phosphorus, or greater than that specified along the axis of the packing.
barium molybdate.
4. Classification
3.10 detrimental materials—abrasive or chemically active
4.1 Classification—The material shall be of the following
constituents such as abrasive ash particles (in high ash content
types, classes, and grades, as specified (see 5.1):
foils) or elemental materials as in Table 2.
4.1.1 Type I—Continuous carbon or graphite yarn.
3.11 diagonal interlocking braid—these strands criss-cross
4.1.2 Type II—Staple carbon or graphite yarn.
fromthesurfaceofthebraiddiagonallythroughthebodyofthe
4.1.3 Type III—Braided flexible graphite.
braid and each strand is strongly locked by other strands to
4.1.3.1 Class 1—For use where detrimental material and
form an integral structure (see Fig. 1).
lubricant content of the packing need not be controlled beyond
3.12 dispersion—various coatings or impregnants added to
normal manufacturing limits.
the base fibers or braid to facilitate handling, lubricate the
4.1.3.2 Class 2—For use where detrimental materials con-
fibers,acceleratebreak-in,oractasblockingagentsduringuse.
tent must be controlled to limits specified herein.
3.13 graphite fibers—fibers used in braided packing are
4.1.3.3 Class 3—For use where detrimental materials con-
producedfromviscoserayon,pitch,orpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)
tent need not be controlled beyond normal manufacturing
andaredefinedasayarnwithacarbonassayof99%orhigher.
limits, and media temperatures do not exceed 500°F (260°C).
3.14 graphite yarns—manufactured from continuous or
(1) Grade A—Treated with corrosion inhibitor.
staple graphite fibers that are twisted or plied into continuous
(2) Grade B—No corrosion inhibitor.
individual strands between 6 to 18 µm in diameter.
3.15 lot—all finished packing of one size, type, class, and
5. Ordering Information
grade produced in a continuous run or at the same time and
5.1 Acquisition Requirements—Acquisition documents
under essentially the same conditions.
must specify the following:
3.16 PAN—polyacrylonitrile fibers used as precursors to
5.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.
manufacture carbon/graphite for braided packing.
5.1.2 Type, Class and Grade required (see Section 4).
3.17 PTFE—polytetrafluoroethylene. (Warning—
5.1.3 Carbon or graphite.
Graphitic valve packing containing PTFE has been associated
5.1.4 Type of corrosion inhibitor.
with accelerated valve stem corrosion.)
5.1.5 Chemical properties (see 7.1).
3.18 specific gravity—theratioofthemassofaunitvolume
5.1.6 Inspection, testing, and certification of the material
of a material at a stated temperature to the mass of the same
shallbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandthesupplieras
volume of distilled water at the same temperature.
part of the purchase contract.
3.19 square plait braid—the strands in this type of braid
5.1.7 Size required (see 9.1). When pre-cut rings are de-
interlock in a single plane and do not interlock through the
sired, specify the braid cross-section, inside diameter, outside
body of the braid (see Fig. 1).
diameter, and number of rings required.
5.1.8 Put-up, if other than required by Table S4.1 (see
Supplementary Requirements).
TABLE 1 Chemical and Physical Properties
5.1.9 Application data.
Property Value Test
5.1.10 Packaging requirements (see Section 18 and Supple-
Carbon Assay
mentary Requirements).
Graphitic 99 % by mass, min. 13.4
5.1.11 Marking requirements (see 17.1 and Supplementary
Carbon 95 % by mass, min. 13.4
Requirements).
Ash 1 % by mass, max. 13.5
Finished Packing (in as-supplied state):
Specific gravity 1.38 g/cc, min. 13.6 6. Materials and Manufacture
Moisture content 3 %, max. 13.7
6.1 Materials and Manufacture—The material shall be as
Compression recovery 25 %, min. 13.10
specified in 6.1.1-6.1.5.
F2191–02
FIG. 1 Packing Construction
6.1.1 Yarn: 6.1.3.2 Grade B—Grade B packing shall not contain corro-
6.1.1.1 TypeIpackingshallbemadeofcontinuousfilament sion inhibiting additives.
carbon or graphite yarn. 6.1.4 Packing Construction (Type I and Type II)—Packing
6.1.1.2 Type II shall be made of staple carbon or graphite shall be square (plait) braided for cross-sectional sizes smaller
1 1
yarn. than6mm( ⁄4 in.). Cross-sectional sizes of 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) or
6.1.1.3 Type III shall be made of flexible graphite. greatershalluseadiagonalinterlockingtypeconstruction.The
6.1.2 Packing: diagonal interlocking constructions shall consist of either
6.1.2.1 Class 1 packing shall be made of Type I or Type II singleorpliedyarnsbraidedon12,18,20,24,32,or36carrier
yarn and shall have a pure graphitic dispersion or carbon braidingmachines.Additionalaxialcenter,corner,and(stuffer)
dispersion. warp yarn(s) can be added within the braid as necessary to
6.1.2.2 Class 2 packing shall be made of Type I yarn and produceadensesquarecross-sectionpackingprofilewithgood
shall have a pure graphite or carbon dispersion. dimensional stability.
6.1.2.3 Class 3 packing shall be made of Type I or Type II 6.1.5 Mercury Exclusion—During manufacturing, fabrica-
yarn and shall have a pure graphite, or carbon dispersion and tion, handling, packaging, and packing, the packing material
may be coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (see 7.2 shall not come in contact with mercury or mercury containing
and 13.9). compounds.
6.1.3 Coating and Corrosion Inhibiting Treatments:
7. Properties
6.1.3.1 Grade A—GradeApackingshallbeprovidedwitha
powdered zinc (Zn) active corrosion inhibiting treatment or a 7.1 Chemical and Physical Properties—Unless otherwise
passive inhibiting treatment such as phosphorus or barium specified, the properties of the finished packing shall conform
molybdate. If required, both active and passive inhibitors shall to the requirements of Table 1. Class 2 also requires compli-
be used. ance with Table 2.
F2191–02
7.2 PTFE Coating (Class 3 only)—If PTFE is used, it shall 11. Quality Assurance
not exceed 10% by mass of the packing (see 13.9) unless
11.1 Quality Systems—Manufacturers shall be prepared to
otherwise agreed to by the purchaser. (Warning—Graphitic
document use of a quality system such as compliance with an
valve packing containing PTFE has been associated with
ISO 9000 series program or similar program.
accelerated valve stem corrosion.)
7.3 Prohibited Additions—There shall be no intentional
12. Specimen Preparation
additionsofanyofthedetrimentalmaterialslistedinTable2or
12.1 Specimen Preparation—Buyer and seller shall agree
any antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd),
on specimen preparation.
gallium(Ga),indium(In),lead(Pb),mercury(Hg),silver(Ag),
or tin (Sn), or, in the case of Grade B packing, zinc (Zn).
13. Test Methods
13.1 Tests—Intheeventthattestsarerequiredaspartofthe
8. Other Requirements
purchasingrequirements5.1,testsshallbemadeinaccordance
8.1 Braid Geometry Retention—Untaped, cut ends shall not
with the following tests or by way of alternate methods of
unravel more than 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) with the packing dry or wet
analysiswithequaltoorimprovedaccuracyandprecision.The
(see 13.11). For example, packing 12 mm ( ⁄2-in.) in cross
use of an alternate analytical method requires the prior written
section shall not unravel more than 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) at either end
consent of the purchasing party before acceptance will be
of the packing.
allowed.
13.2 Size—Before unbraiding, the size shall be determined
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
bymeasuringeachsampleselectedforvisualexamination(see
Table 3).Asteel rule with 1 mm ( ⁄32 in.) divisions accurate to
9.1 Sizes and Mass—Packing shall be furnished in the sizes
1 1
1mm( ⁄32 in.) or a steel slide caliper with 1 mm ( ⁄32 in.) and
showninTable3,orothersize(s)asisorderedbythecustomer,
0.5 mm ( ⁄64 in.) divisions shall be used (see 9.1).
(see Section 5 and 6.1.4). Packing shall be formed approxi-
13.3 Mass—Themassshallbedeterminedusingaspecimen
mately square or rectangular in cross-section (either when
at least 609.6 mm (2 ft) in length for measurement in
straight or when placed about a shaft) within the dimensional
conjunction with the values of Table 4.
tolerances of Table 3. When specified in the purchase docu-
13.4 CarbonAssay—Thesampleshallbedriedtoaconstant
ment (see 5.1 and 13.2), the mass per linear foot (or other
mass at 149 6 3°C (300 6 5°F) before testing. For Grade A
measure)shallbeinaccordancewiththesizeslistedinTable4.
packing only, the test shall be conducted prior to the corrosion
SizesnotlistedinTable4shallbeasagreedbetweenpurchaser
inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corrosion
and manufacturer and specified in Section 5, Ordering Infor-
inhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the base
mation. Minimum mass per linear foot should be included as a
mass of the sample. The percent carbon shall be based upon
part of the bid and purchase documents.
mass of the dried sample. This determination shall be made
...