ASTM D5001-90a(1995)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method assesses the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and Annex A1.
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e1
Designation: D 5001 – 90a (Reapproved 1995) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the
Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 15 was added editorially in June 1995.
1. Scope ANSI B3.12, Metal Balls
2.5 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
1.1 This test method assesses the wear aspects of the
SAE 8720 Steel
boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on
rubbing steel surfaces.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.1.1 cylinder—the test ring and mandrel assembly.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
3.1.2 lubricity—a general term used to describe the bound-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
ary lubrication properties of a fluid. In this test method, the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
lubricity of a fluid is defined in terms of a wear scar, in
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
millimeters, produced on a stationary ball from contact with
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in
the fluid wetted rotating cylinder operating under closely
Section 7 and Annex A1.
defined and controlled conditions.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The fluid under test is placed in a test reservoir in which
D 329 Specification for Acetone
atmospheric air is maintained at 10 % relative humidity. A
D 770 Specification for Isopropyl Alcohol
non-rotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck and
D 1016 Test Method for Purity of Hydrocarbons from
forced against an axially mounted steel ring with an applied
Freezing Points
load. The test cylinder is rotated at a fixed speed while being
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
partially immersed in the fluid reservoir. This maintains the
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
cylinder in a wet condition and continuously transports the test
2.2 Military Specification: fluid to the ball/cylinder interface. The wear scar generated on
the test ball is a measure of the fluid lubricating properties.
MIL-I-25017, Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel
Soluble
5. Significance and Use
2.3 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life
AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel
of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has
2.4 American National Standards Institute Standard:
sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system
component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for
some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
is a factor in the operation of the component.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J on Aviation Fuels.
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity
Current edition approved Sept. 28, 1990. Published November 1990. Originally
evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the
published as D 5001 – 89. Last previous edition D 5001 – 90.
fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in
This test method was developed by the Coordinating Research Council and is a
part of their report No. 560.
the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5 7
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg 4 Section D, 700 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6 8
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute, 1000 16th Street, NW, Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Washington, DC 20036. Ave., Warrendale, PA 15096.
D 5001
measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired
during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice
D 4306 shall be used.
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect oper-
ating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels
that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds may
give anomalous test results.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Ball-On-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE), illus-
trated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The test requirements are listed in
Table 1.
6.2 Constant Temperature Bath-Circulator, capable of
maintaining the fluid sample at 25 6 1°C when circulating FIG. 2 Ring Mandrel Assembly
coolant through the base of the sample reservoir.
TABLE 1 Standard Operating Conditions
6.3 Microscope, capable of 100 3 magnification in gradua-
Fluid Volume 50 6 1.0 mL
tions of 0.1 mm and incremented in divisions of 0.01 mm.
Fluid Temperature 25 6 1°C
Conditioned Air 10 6 0.2 % relative humidity
at 25 6 1°C
Fluid pretreatment 0.50 L/min flowing through and 3.3 L/min
over the fluid for 15 min.
Fluid test conditions 3.8 L/min flowing over the fluid.
BOCLE units, BOC 100, made by InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, San Antonio,
Applied Load 1000 g (500 g weight)
TX 78279 have been found satisfactory. Other units built to the drawings available
Cylinder Rotational Speed 240 6 1 r/min
from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, meeting the test
Test Duration 30 6 0.1 min
requirements of Table 1 in accordance with the procedure of 3.2 of Guidelines for
Equipment Supply, Listing, and Replacement in ASTM Committee D-2 methods
and practices are considered acceptable. These units can have different operating
6.3.1 Glass Slide Micrometer, with a scale ruled in 0.01 mm
procedures.
divisions.
6.4 Cleaning Bath—Ultrasonic seamless stainless steel tank
with a capacity of 1.9 L ( ⁄2 gal) and a cleaning power of 40 W.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Test Ring, of SAE 8720 steel, having a Rockwell
hardness “C” scale, (HRC) number of 58 to 62 and a surface
finish of 0.56 to 0.71 μm (22 to 28 μin.) root mean square. The
dimensions are given in Fig. 3.
7.2 Mandrel, a 10° tapered short cylindrical section used for
holding test ring. See Fig. 2.
7.3 Test Ball, chrome alloy steel, made from AISI standard
steel No. E-52100, with a diameter of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) grade
5 to 10 EP finish. The balls are described in ANSI Specifica-
tions B 3.12. The extra-polish finish is not described in that
specification. The HRC shall be 64 to 66, a closer limit than is
found in the ANSI requirement.
7.4 Compressed Air (Warning—See Note 1), containing
less than 0.1 ppm hydrocarbons and 50 ppm water.
NOTE 1—Warning: Compressed gas under high pressure. Use with
extreme caution in the presence of combustible material, since the
Catalog No. 31-16-99 from Bausch and Lomb, Inc. has been found satisfac-
tory. A certificate of traceability from the National Institute of Standards and
Technology is available.
Test Rings, Part No. F25061 from Falex Corp., 2055 Comprehensive Drive,
Aurora, IL 60505, have been found satisfactory.
Mandrel, part No. M-O from Falex Corp., or P/N BOC-2101 from InterAv,
Inc. P.O. Box 792228, San Antonio, TX 78279, have been found satisfactory.
Test Balls, SKF Swedish, part No. 310995A, RB 12.7, grade 5 to 10 EP Finish,
AISI 52100 Alloy from SKF Industries, Component Systems, 1690 East Race
FIG. 1 Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator Street, Allentown, PA 90653, have been found satisfactory.
D 5001
8.1.1 Test Rings, as Received:
8.1.1.1 The test rings shall be partially stripped of any
wax-like protective coatings by manually rubbing them with
rags or paper towels saturated with isooctane.
8.1.1.2 Place partially cleaned rings in a clean 500 mL
beaker. Transfer a sufficient volume ofa1to1 mixture of
isooctane and isopropyl alcohol to the beaker such that the test
rings are completely covered.)
8.1.1.3 Place beaker in ultrasonic cleaner and turn on for 15
min.
8.1.1.4 Remove test rings and repeat ultrasonic cleaning
cycle of 8.1.1.3 with a clean beaker and fresh solvents.
8.1.1.5 Handle all clean test rings with clean forceps or
disposable gloves. Remove test rings from beaker and rinse
with isooctane, dry, and rinse with acetone.
NOTE 6—Drying operations can be accomplished using a compressed
air (7.4) jet at 140 to 210 kPa (20 to 30 psi) pressure.
FIG. 3 BOCLE Test Ring
8.1.1.6 Dry and store in a desiccator.
8.1.2 Test Balls, as Received.
autoignition temperatures of most organic compounds in air are drastically
8.1.2.1 Place balls in 300 mL beaker. Transfer a sufficient
reduced at elevated pressures. See A1.1.
volume ofa1to1 mixture of isooctane and isopropyl alcohol
7.5 Desiccator, containing a non-indicating drying agent,
to the beaker such that the test balls are completely covered by
capable of storing test rings, balls, and hardware.
the cleaning solvent.
7.6 Gloves, clean, lint-free, cotton, disposable.
NOTE 7—Approximately a five-day supply can be processed at one
7.7 Wiper, wiping tissue, light duty, lint free, hydrocarbon
time.
free, disposable.
8.1.2.2 Place beaker in ultrasonic cleaner and turn on for 15
7.8 Isooctane (Warning—see Note 2), conforming to Test
min.
Method D 1016, 95 % purity minimum, 2,2,4-
8.1.2.3 Repeat the cleaning cycle of 8.1.2.2 with a clean
trimethylpentane.
beaker and fresh solvent.
NOTE 2—Warning: Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors
8.1.2.4 Remove and rinse with isooctane, dry, and rinse with
may cause flash fires. See A1.2.
acetone.
7.9 Isopropyl Alcohol (Warning—see Note 3), conforming
8.1.2.5 Dry and store in a desiccator.
to Specification D 770.
8.1.3 Reservoir, Reservoir Cover, Ball Chuck, Ball Lock
Ring, and Ring Mandrel Assembly Components:
NOTE 3—Warning: Flammable. See A1.3.
8.1.3.1 Rinse with isooctane.
7.10 Acetone (Warning—see Note 4), conforming to
8.1.3.2 Clean in an ultrasonic cleaner witha1to1 mixture
Specification D 329.
of isooctane and isopropyl alcohol for 5 min.
NOTE 4—Warning: Extremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire. 8.1.3.3 Remove and rinse with isooctane, dry, and rinse with
See A1.4.
acetone.
8.1.3.4 Dry and store in a desiccator.
7.11 Reference Fluids:
8.1.4 Hardware:
7.11.1 Fluid A—A mixture shall contain 30 mg/kg of a
8.1.4.1 The hardware and utensils, that is, shaft, wrenches,
specific fuel soluble corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improver
and tweezers, that come in contact with the test fluid shall be
conforming to MIL-I-25017 (Warning—see Note 5), in fluid
cleaned by washing thoroughly with isooctane and wiped with
B (Warning—see Note 5). Store in borosilicate glass with an
a wiper.
aluminum foil lined insert cap. Store in dark area.
8.1.4.2 Store parts in desiccator when not in use.
NOTE 5—Warning: Flammable. Vapor harmful. See A1.5.
8.1.5 After Test:
7.11.2 Fluid B—Shall be a narrow-cut isoparaffinic solvent
8.1.5.1 Remove reservoir and cylinder.
(Warning—see Note 5). 8.1.5.2 Disassemble components and clean in an ultrasonic
cleaner usinga1to1 mixture of isooctane and isopropyl
8. Preparation of Apparatus
alcohol for 5 min. Rinse with isooctane, dry, and rinse with
8.1 Cleaning of Apparatus and Test Components:
acetone. Reassemble components.
8.1.5.3 Dry and store in a desiccator.
Reference Fluids A and B available in Kit form as part No. RF-930900 from
NOTE 8—When testing the same fluid, it is permissible to clean the
InterAv Inc., P.O. Box 792228, San Antonio, TX 78279.
15 reservoir in-place. The reservoir is rinsed with isooctane. Wipe with
Additive is DCI-4A, manufactured by E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company,
disposable wiper to remove residual fuel related deposits and test debris.
1007 Market Street, Wilmington, DE 19898.
The reservoir is rinsed again with isooctane. Dry and final rinse with
Solvent is ISOPAR M, manufactured by the Exxon Company, USA, P.O. Box
2180, Houston, TX 77001. acetone, dry.
D 5001
8.1.5.4 Care shall be taken to ensure that the fuel aeration 9.4.3 Lower load arm by disengaging blue pull pin. Attach
tube is rinsed and dried during the cleaning procedure. Store 500 g weight to end of load beam. Lower ball onto ring
parts in desiccator when not in use. manually or by use of arm actuator switch.
9.4.4 Check level on top of load arm. The indicator bubble
9. Calibration and Standardization
shall be centered in the middle of the two lines. If required,
9.1 Visually inspect test balls before each test. Discard balls
adjust the retaining nut screw to achieve a level load arm.
that exhibit pits, corrosion, or surface abnormalities.
9.5 Assembly of Cylinder:
9.2 Reference Fluids:
9.5.1 Place a clean test ring on the mandrel and bolt the back
9.2.1 Conduct three tests on each new batch of the reference
plate to the mandrel as shown in Fig. 2.
fluids in accordance with Section 10 using a cylinder previ-
10. Procedure
ously standardized by reference fluid testing.
9.2.2 Repeat the three tests if the wear scar diameters differ
10.1 The summary of test conditions is included in Table 1.
by more than 0.04 mm for Reference Fluid A or by more than
10.2 Installation of Cleaned Test Cylinder:
0.08 mm for Reference Fluid B.
NOTE 9—The BOCLE is very sensitive to contamination problems.
9.2.3 Reject the Reference Batch concerned if the wear scar
10.2.1 The greatest care shall be taken to adhere strictly to
diameters for the repeat tests again differ by more than the
cleanliness requirements and to the specified cleaning proce-
values obtained in 9.2.1.
dures. During handling and installation procedures, protect
9.2.4 Calculate the average wear scar for the three results
cleaned test parts (cylinder, balls, reservoir, and reservoir
that are within the values of 9.2.2 for the appropriate Reference
cover) from contamination by wearing clean cotton gloves.
Fluid.
10.2.2 Rinse shaft with isooctane and wipe with disposable
9.2.5 Compare the average results with the following Ref-
wiper.
erence Fluid values:
10.2.3 Push the shaft through the left hand bearing and
Reference Fluid A 0.5
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