ASTM D2399-83(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Selection of Cutback Asphalts
Standard Practice for Selection of Cutback Asphalts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice defines various types of bituminous paving construction for which cutback asphalt may be used. In addition, it delineates the types and grades recommended for each specific use.
This practice provides the basic concepts on which the use recommendations have been made. It also provides a rationale by which the user may judiciously select a material for a specific job application from among those generally recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D2399–83 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Selection of Cutback Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 bitumen-aggregate mixture—a combination of bitumi-
nous material and aggregate that is physically mixed by
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of
mechanical and thermal means, spread on the job-site, and
the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving
compacted.
and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called
3.1.3 bitumen applications—the uses of sprayed bituminous
road oils.
coatings not involving the use of aggregates. Uses of liquid
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
bitumeninthisgroupareallclassedastreatments.(See surface
standard.
treatments.)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 cold-laid plant mix—a mixture of liquid bitumen and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mineral aggregate prepared in a central bituminous mixing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
plant and spread and compacted at the job-site when the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mixture is at or near ambient temperature.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 dense-graded aggregate—aggregate that is graded
2. Referenced Documents from the maximum size down to filler with the object of
obtaining a bituminous mix with a controlled void content and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
high stability.
D2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing
3.1.6 dust binder— a light application of bituminous mate-
Type)
rial for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose dust.
D2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing
3.1.7 mixed-in-place (road mix)—a bituminous course pro-
Type)
duced by mixing mineral aggregate and liquid bitumen at the
D2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing
job-site by means of travel plants, motor graders, drags, or
Type)
special road-mixing equipment. Pavement base and surfaces,
3. Terminology
mixed in place, may utilize open-graded aggregates (3.1.10),
dense-graded aggregates (3.1.5), sand (3.1.15), or sandy soil
3.1 Definitions:
(3.1.17).
3.1.1 bitumen-aggregate applications—the spraying of liq-
3.1.8 mulch treatment—a spray application of bituminous
uid bitumen on prepared aggregate or pavement surfaces,
material used to temporarily stabilize a recently seeded area.
which subsequently are covered with graded aggregate.
The bitumen can also be applied to straw or hay mulch as a
tie-down.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
3.1.9 multiple surface treatment—twoormoresurfacetreat-
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on
ments placed one on the other.The maximum aggregate size of
Asphalt Specifications.
each successive treatment is usually one half that of the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
previous one, and the total thickness is about the same as the
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2399 – 83 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/D2399-83R05.
nominal maximum size aggregate particles of the first course.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.10 open-graded aggregate—one containing little or no
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mineral filler and in which the void spaces in the compacted
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. aggregate are relatively large.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2399–83 (2005)
3.1.11 patch mix—a mixture of bituminous material and rationale by which the user may judiciously select a material
mineral aggregate for patching holes, depressions, and dis- for a specific job application from among those generally
tressed areas in existing pavements. These mixes are suitable recommended.
foruseinrelativelysmallareas,appliedatambienttemperature
5. Precautions
using hand-laying and hand-compaction techniques. These
5.1 For some of the uses recommended in Table 1, the
mixes may be designed for immediate use or for stock-piling
for a period of time prior to use. cutback asphalt may be applied at temperatures above its flash
point. Caution, therefore, must be exercised at all times in
3.1.12 pavement base and surfaces—the lower or underly-
handling these materials to prevent fire or an explosion.
ing pavement course atop the subbase or subgrade and the top
or wearing course. Cold-laid mixtures that are bound together
6. Recommended Uses
with liquid bitumens use either open or dense aggregate
6.1 The recommendations shown inTable 1 are for use only
gradations.
as a guide in paving and road construction. Several cutback
3.1.13 penetration macadam—a pavement construction us-
materials may be recommended in the table for a general
ing essentially one-size coarse aggregate, which is penetrated
construction procedure. Selection of a particular material will
in place by a heavy application of high-viscosity bituminous
depend on local practice, availability, traffic, and environmen-
material. This application is followed by an application of a
tal conditions for the specific project being considered.
smaller size coarse aggregate (to reduce the void space) then is
6.2 Cutback asphalts are constituted from a base asphalt of
rolled thoroughly. This procedure is usually followed another
selected hardness or viscosity dissolved in a solvent of high,
time with a still smaller coarse aggregate and roller compac-
medium, or low volatility to provide distinct differences for
tion.
construction purposes among the types. Slow curing cutbacks
3.1.14 prime coat—an application of a low-viscosity bitu-
alternatively may be made directly by distillation. Upon
minous material to an absorptive surface, designed to pen-
exposure to atmospheric conditions, the highly volatile
etrate, bond, and stabilize the existing surface and to promote
naphtha-type sol
...
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