ASTM D7487-24
(Practice)Standard Practice for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
Standard Practice for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General Utility:
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or a polyurethane system.
5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, specification testing, and process control.
5.2 Limitations:
5.2.1 Several of the measured parameters are subjective. Therefore, operator-to-operator variability and lab-to-lab variability can be much higher than that of a single operator.
5.2.2 The variability of this practice is dependent on the consistency of mixing of the reactants.
5.2.3 The estimation of precision in this practice is based on typical formulations for rigid and flexible foams. Formulations with faster reaction times will likely have greater variability, particularly cream time (initiation time). Formulations with slower reaction times will likely have greater variability in the measurement of free rise time.
5.2.4 It is possible that low-level (ppm, ppb) ingredient contamination will not be detectable using this practice. Confirmation of such contamination will potentially require large-scale (~20 L) tests and is out of the scope of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7487 − 24
Standard Practice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time
Processes
(initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height,
string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free
3. Terminology
rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup
foam test. 3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise speci-
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described;
fied. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to
issues, the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation.
with Terminology E456.
However, agreement between the customer and the testing
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
3.2.1 cream time (initiation time), n—the time between the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
appear.
standard.
3.2.2 final height, n—height of foam after specified time.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
3.2.3 free rise density, n—the density in kg/m of a poly-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
urethane foam prepared in an open cup.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.4 free rise height, n—height of the foam at free rise time.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.5 free rise time (end of rise time), n—the time at which
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. the foam stops expanding as observed visually.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.6 resin blend (formulated polyol), n—complete ingredi-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ent formulation without the isocyanate.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.7 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
back), n—percentage decrease from free rise height to final
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
height.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.8 string gel time (pull time), n—time at which long
“strings” of tacky material can be pulled away from the surface
2. Referenced Documents
of the foam when the surface is touched by the edge of a tongue
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
depressor or similar implement.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2.9 tack free time, n—the time at which the surface of the
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
without sticking.
3.2.10 top of cup time, n—the time at which the crown of the
rising foam reaches the plane of the top of the cup.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
4. Summary of Practice
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
4.1 Specific events (cream time, initiation time, top of cup
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7487 – 18.
DOI:10.1520/D7487-24.
time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time, and tack
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
free time) from a polyurethane foamed in a cup are measured
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to verify the resin blend composition or levels of ingredients in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. formulations used to make polyurethane foams.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7487 − 18 D7487 − 24
Standard Practice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string
gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the
foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for
all these items must be obtained prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing Processes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—TerminologyTerms used in this practice follows that standard are defined in accordance with Terminology D883.
, unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this standard are
defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics and
Elastomers.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2024. Published August 2018February 2024. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
ɛ1
D7487D7487 – 18. - 13DOI:10.1520/D7487-24. . DOI:10.1520/D7487-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7487 − 24
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cream time (initiation time)—time), n—the time between the start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to
appear.
3.2.2 final height, n—height of foam after specified time.
3
3.2.3 top of cupfree rise density, time—n—the time at whichdensity in kg/m the crown of the rising foam reaches the plane of
the top of the of a polyurethane foam prepared in an open cup.
3.2.4 free rise height, n—height of the foam at free rise time.
3.2.5 free rise time (end of rise time)—time), n—the time at which the foam stops expanding as observed visually.
3.2.6 resin blend (formulated polyol), n—complete ingredient formulation without the isocyanate.
3.2.7 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink back), n—percentage decrease from free rise height to final height.
3.2.8 string gel time (pull time)—time), n—time at which long “strings” of tacky material can be pulled away from the surface of
the foam when the surface is touched by the edge of a tongue depressor or similar implement.
3.2.9 tack free time—time, n—the time at which the surface of the foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor
...
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