ASTM F792-88(1993)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray Systems
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray Systems
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1.1 This practice applies to all X-ray based screening systems, with tunnel apertures up to 1 m wide 1 m high, whether it is a conventional X-ray system or an explosives detection system (EDS) that provides a projection or projection/scatter image for an operator to interpret.
1.2 This practice applies to X-ray systems used for the screening for prohibited items such as weapons, explosives, and explosive devices in baggage, packages, cargo, or mail.
1.3 This practice establishes quantitative and qualitative methods for evaluating the systems. This practice does not establish minimum performance requirements for any particular application.
1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This practice relies upon the use of a standard test object (ASTM X-ray Test Object) to determine the applicable performance levels of the systems. The specific test object is subsequently described and referred to in this document as the "Test Object."
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Examples are Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1020.40 in the United States and Health Safety Regulation No. 1333 in the United Kingdom.
1.7 Film Safety—If film safety, defined as 2.58x10-7 C/kg (1 mR) per screening, is of importance, refer to Test Method F 1039.
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1.1 This standard applies to all walk-through metal detectors that are used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by the designers, evaluators, and users of walk-through metal detectors to be installed to screen persons entering or leaving a controlled access area. This guide is not meant to constrain design liberty but is to be used as a guide in the selection of location and installation of walk-through metal detectors.
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1.1 Some facilities require that personnel entering designated areas be screened for concealed weapons and other metallic materials. Also, personnel exiting designated areas are often screened for metallic shielding material and other types of metallic contraband. Walk-through metal detectors are widely used to implement these requirements. This guide describes various elements to be considered when planning to install walk-through metal detectors.
1.2 This guide is not intended to set performance levels, nor is it intended to limit or constrain operational technologies.
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1.2 Conformity assessment requirements ensure the consistent application of the ASTM performance standards and establishes requirements of the certification body’s accreditation process and operation of certification programs.
1.3 Certification bodies, to acquire or maintain accreditation, shall meet and continue to meet the requirements established by this specification, including any matter incorporated by reference.
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ABSTRACT
This specification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify generic vault structures intended for protection of valuables against loss due to forced entry. It also includes the descriptions of terms, classifications, materials, practices, and methods to be followed in constructing, fabricating, or modifying intrusion resistant generic vaults. The vault shall be rated as a unit and that rating shall be determined by the component having the lowest classification. The walls, floor, and ceiling of a vault shall be formed or composed of materials without “true” joints or seams, with the exception of “cold” concrete seams necessitated by construction technique. Components of a building shall not be used as part of the vault unless constructed to provide the equivalent intrusion resistance. The vault enclosure shall be classified into four types: Type M, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Materials to be used in the construction of vault structures shall include concrete, concrete reinforcements, conduit, and grout.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 This specification provides guidelines for the selection of a generic vault, in accordance with its intended use.
8.2 This specification is intended to assist users in availing themselves of various generically constructed products, while maintaining consistency with their selected intrusion-resistance level.
8.3 This specification is not meant to recommend or prefer the use of any single product, any type level, or its application.
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1.1 This specification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify generic vault structures intended for protection of valuables against loss due to forced entry.
1.2 This specification includes the descriptions of terms, classifications, materials, practices, and methods to be followed in constructing, fabricating, or modifying intrusion resistant generic vaults.
1.3 This specification does not address fire resistivity, nor does it address modular panels.
1.4 This specification is not intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of intrusion resistance equivalent or better than that prescribed herein. Any system, method, or device different from that detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent of this specification, and if found to be equivalent or better, may be included.
1.5 Nothing in this specification shall be construed to prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements specified herein.
1.6 Materials and construction details outlined in this specification are intended to detail protective requirements necessary to achieve the required level of intrusion resistance, and are not intended to address structural soundness or operational fitness, areas for which the project engineer, architect, or equipment supplier are responsible.
1.7 Each referenced document cited in Section 2 shall be meant to be the edition in effect on the date this specification was published.
Note 1: A rationale is given in Appendix X1.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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1.1 This practice applies to all X-ray-based screening systems with tunnel apertures up to 1 m wide × 1 m high, whether they are conventional X-ray systems or explosives detection systems, that provide a projection or projection/scatter image.
1.2 This practice applies to X-ray systems used for the screening for prohibited items such as weapons, explosives, and explosive devices in baggage, packages, cargo, or mail.
1.3 This practice establishes quantitative and qualitative methods for evaluating the systems. This practice does not establish minimum performance requirements for any particular application.
1.4 This practice relies upon the use of three different standard test objects: ASTM X-ray test object – HP, for evaluating human perception based performance parameters; ASTM X-ray test object – RT, for routine testing to assess operation; and ASTM X-ray test object – OE, for objective evaluation and scoring of the technical capability of the system. The specific test objects are subsequently described and referred to in this practice as the HP test object, RT test object, and OE test object.
1.4.1 Part RT—This part considers only the methods for routine and periodic verification of system operation and function, and therefore requires use of ASTM X-ray test object – RT.
1.4.2 Part HP—This part considers only the methods for, and use of, the ASTM X-ray test object – HP.
1.4.3 Part OE—This part considers only the methods for objective evaluation of the technical capabilities of a system, and therefore requires use of the ASTM X-ray test object – OE.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is not meant to include products other than exit devices except to the extent that such products directly relate to the use of exit devices. When other products are described, the security attributes of the other products are described generally in the documents referenced in Section 2.
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1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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1.2 The intent of this terminology is to have terms, abbreviations, and formulas that are applicable across federal agencies, law enforcement and corrections agencies, testing and certification bodies, and manufacturers.
1.2.1 The terminology is kept general herein and should be defined more specifically as needed within individual test methods or other standards.
1.3 This terminology is not intended to describe test methods or performance requirements for body armor.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ornamental steel picket fence systems can be designed to provide greater levels of security by selecting styles and configurations that increase the difficulty to penetrate and in turn increase delay time. Some examples include: increasing the height of the fence, using ornamental picket styles that curve outward to form a parapet on the attack side of the fence, and decreasing the spacing between vertical pickets.
4.2 Security hardening of ornamental steel picket fence systems can be achieved by adding fence security accessories (that is, barbed wire to the top; barbed tape to the top, side or bottom of the fence; or spiked railing supplements along the top rail) or by attaching supplemental security fence fill materials (that is, expanded metal, barbed tape mesh, welded wire mesh, or chain-link mini-mesh fabric). Slats or screening panels can be inserted to restrict visibility when required.
4.3 Multiple fence lines can be installed to create isolation zones that enhance the ability to patrol or visually monitor the area.
4.4 Anti-ram cable systems may be added to resist vehicle penetration into a protected perimeter.
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1.1 This guide covers the material and installation standards for selection in the design of an ornamental steel picket fence system for security applications. The proper material selection and system installation and layout can substantially increase the difficulty to penetrate; thereby, increasing the intrusion delay time.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This guide is not intended to set specific requirements for an ornamental steel picket fence system for security purposes. It intends to cover the considerations or options pertinent to the design and construction of ornamental steel picket fence systems for security purposes.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 These specifications describe the basic elements of a request for the scientific examination of physical evidence collected in the investigation of a sexual violence incident. These specifications are designed to be used in conjunction with other specifications, guides, and practices associated with sexual violence examinations that are listed in Section 2.
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