ASTM F792-01

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to all X-ray based screening systems, with tunnel apertures up to 1 m wide 1 m high, whether it is a conventional X-ray system or an explosives detection system (EDS) that provides a projection or projection/scatter image for an operator to interpret.
1.2 This practice applies to X-ray systems used for the screening for prohibited items such as weapons, explosives, and explosive devices in baggage, packages, cargo, or mail.
1.3 This practice establishes quantitative and qualitative methods for evaluating the systems. This practice does not establish minimum performance requirements for any particular application.
1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This practice relies upon the use of a standard test object (ASTM X-ray Test Object) to determine the applicable performance levels of the systems. The specific test object is subsequently described and referred to in this document as the "Test Object."
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Examples are Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1020.40 in the United States and Health Safety Regulation No. 1333 in the United Kingdom.
1.7 Film Safety—If film safety, defined as 2.58x10-7 C/kg (1 mR) per screening, is of importance, refer to Test Method F 1039.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2001
• Technical Committee: F12 - Security Systems and Equipment
• Drafting Committee: F12.60 - Controlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F792-88(1993)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM F792-01e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 792 – 01
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope Used as Electrical Conductors
E 1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
1.1 This practice applies to all X-ray based screening
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
systems, with tunnel apertures up to 1 m wide 3 1 m high,
3
cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
whether it is a conventional X-ray system or an explosives
3
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
detection system (EDS) that provides a projection or
E 1647 Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in
projection/scatter image for an operator to interpret.
3
Radioscopy
1.2 This practice applies to X-ray systems used for the
F 1039 Test Method for Measurement of Low Level X
screening for prohibited items such as weapons, explosives,
4
Radiation Used in X-ray Security Screening Systems
and explosive devices in baggage, packages, cargo, or mail.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.3 This practice establishes quantitative and qualitative
Part 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Section
methods for evaluating the systems. This practice does not
5
1020.40, Cabinet X-ray Systems (United States)
establish minimum performance requirements for any particu-
Health & Safety Regulation 1333 (United Kingdom)
lar application.
1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This practice relies upon the use of a standard test object
3.1.1 contrast sensitivity—a measure of the minimum
(ASTM X-ray Test Object) to determine the applicable perfor-
change in an object that produces a perceptible brightness
mance levels of the systems. The specific test object is
change in the radiological image on a monitor.
subsequently described and referred to in this document as the
3.1.2 effective atomic number (Z eff)—the effective atomic
“Test Object.”
number of a chemical compound or mixture of compounds is
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the atomic number of a single hypothetical element which
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
would exhibit essentially identical X-ray attenuation character-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
istics.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 explosive—a material that can be detonated, that is,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Examples are Title
undergo a chemical reaction, expand suddenly, and create a
21 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1020.40 in the United
shock wave.
States and Health & Safety Regulation No. 1333 in the United
3.1.4 explosive device—a device containing explosives, a
Kingdom.
-7 detonator, a timer/switch and an energy source.
1.7 Film Safety—If film safety, defined as <2.58310 C/kg
3.1.5 image quality indicator (IQI)—in industrial radiogra-
(<1 mR) per screening, is of importance, refer to Test Method
phy, a device or combination of devices whose demonstrated
F 1039.
image or images provide visual or quantitative data, or both, to
2. Referenced Documents determine radiological quality and sensitivity. E 1316
3.1.6 IQI sensitivity—in radiography, the minimum discern-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ible image and the designated hole in the plaque type or the
B 258 Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and
designated wire image in the wire type IQI. E 1316
Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires
3.1.7 organic differentiation—the ability of an X-ray system
to differentiate, on a video monitor, between organic materials
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security
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Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03
3
Controlled Access Security, Search and Screening Equipment. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03
4
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08
e1 5
published as F 792 – 82. Last previous edition F 792 – 88(93) . Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North
Capitol St. NW, Washington, DC 20401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F 792
of different effective atomic numbers. are the primary inputs
...