ASTM F865-84(1996)
(Test Method)Test Methods for Gross Camber of Ceramic Substrates for Thick Film Applications (Withdrawn 2001)
Test Methods for Gross Camber of Ceramic Substrates for Thick Film Applications (Withdrawn 2001)
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the gross camber of ceramic substrates in a free (nonclamped) state and for appraising the quality of a substrate lot by relating the deviation from flatness of faces due to curvature.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to substrates of sizes ranging up to 4 in. (102 mm) in the maximum dimension.
1.3 In principle, these test methods may be applied to larger dimensioned substrates.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: F 865 – 84 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Methods for
Gross Camber of Ceramic Substrates for Thick Film
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Method A, for determining the gross camber of an individual
substrate and Method B, for appraising the gross camber
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
quality of a substrate lot.
the gross camber of ceramic substrates in a free (nonclamped)
4.1.1 Method A—The gross thickness of the substrate, t ,
g
state and for appraising the quality of a substrate lot by relating
the distance between two parallel planes that envelop the
the deviation from flatness of faces due to curvature.
substrate, is measured with a special gage. The average
1.2 These test methods are applicable to substrates of sizes
thickness, t , of the substrate is determined from three mea-
t
ranging up to 4 in. (102 mm) in the maximum dimension.
surements made along a diagonal. The gross camber is calcu-
1.3 In principle, these test methods may be applied to larger
lated as the ratio of the difference between the gross thickness
dimensioned substrates.
and the average thickness to the largest dimension of the
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
substrate.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4.1.2 Method B—The mode thickness of a sample taken
information only.
from the lot is determined from measurements of the average
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thickness of each substrate in the sample. The maximum
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
acceptable gross thickness is calculated from the specified
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
gross camber, the mode thickness, and the largest dimension of
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
the substrate. The gross camber gage is set to this value, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the substrates in the sample are tested to determine whether
2. Referenced Documents
they will fall freely between the plates of the gage. The percent
defective of the lot with respect to the specified gross camber
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is calculated from the fraction of the substrates in the sample
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
which fail to fall freely between the plates of the gage.
Determine Conformance with Specification
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 The warpage of commercially available substrates does
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
not follow a simple pattern that can be easily defined. Exces-
3.1.1 gross camber—the ratio of the difference in gross
sive warpage can adversely affect the performance of the
thickness and the average thickness to the longest dimension or
substrate in thick film processes such as screen printing,
diameter of the ceramic substrate specimen multiplied by 100
bonding of devices, laser trimming, and scribing. It is desirable
and expressed in percent.
to have a quantitative appraisal of this physical characteristic of
3.1.2 lot—is defined herein as substrates that have the same
the substrate in the manufacture of thick film or hybrid circuits.
processing history.
Gross camber, as measured by these methods, is a quality that
3.1.3 warpage—a long-order departure from flatness as
has been found to relate to the performance of the substrate in
opposed to sharp discontinuities. Amplitude is in excess of
thick film applications.
specified surface finish. In general, warpage will exhibit a
5.2 These test methods have been found to be useful in
number of inflection points that, if connected, would form a
quality control, process control, and other such applications.
line whose path may be open or closed.
6. Apparatus
4. Summary of Test Methods
6.1 Thickness Standards, made of dense alumina ceramic
4.1 Two procedures are included in these test methods:
−7
with a surface finish of 30 μin. (7.6 3 10 m) maximum. The
dimensions of these standards shall be 1.00 6 0.01 in. (25.4 6
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
0.25 mm) by 1.00 6 0.01 in. by the standard thickness in
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
increments of 0.001 in. (0.0254 mm). The thickness shall be
Subcommittee C21.03 on Fundamental Properties.
−6
Current edition approved Jan. 27, 1984. Published April 1984.
held to a tolerance of 650 μin. (61.27 3 10 m) and a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 865
TABLE 1 Gap Width for Determining Gross Camber of
flatness within 0.00015 in. (0.0038 mm) when measured across
Substrates of Various Sizes
the diagonal of the standard.
Gap Width for Gross Camber of, in.
6.2 Thickness Gage, with an indicator that will give read-
Nominal Thickness,
−6
Length, in. in.
#0.1 % #0.2 % #0.3 % #0.4 %
ings repeatable to 6100 μin. (62.54 3 10 m). The gage shall
be fitted with a spherical anvil of 0.1 6 0.01-in. (2.56
2.00 0.023 0.025 0.027 0.029 0.031
0.024 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032
0.25-mm) radius on one side, and a flat anvil of 0.08 6 0.02-in.
0.025 0.027 0.029 0.031 0.033
(2.03 6 0.51-mm) diameter on the other. The anvils shall be
0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032 0.034
made of hard material such as tungsten carbide that will not
0.027 0.029 0.031 0.033 0.035
2.50 0.023 0.026 0.028 0.031 0.033
mar the surface of the substrate.
0.024 0.027 0.029 0.032 0.034
6.3 Gross Camber Gage—The gross camber gage is a pair
0.025 0.028 0.030 0.033 0.035
of flat alumina ceramic plates mounted in a fixture with the
0.026 0.029 0.031 0.034 0.036
0.027 0.030 0.032 0.035 0.037
flat surface in a vertical position. The mating flat surfaces of the
3.00 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.032 0.035
two plates shall have a maximum surface fin
...
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