ASTM C554-93(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Unless there is a proper match between the expansions of the glaze and the body, all glazed whitewares may contain residual stresses from the firing that bonded the glaze to the body. In addition, whitewares are increasingly subjected to thermal stresses in service. Hence, an important use criterion for a glazed whiteware is adequate resistance to repeated abrupt thermal changes. In most cases, the result of inadequate resistance to thermal shock is the appearance of a craze pattern in the glaze. This craze pattern is visible by inspection with oblique lighting and application of a suitable ink or dye.
3.2 This test method is applicable to vitreous whitewares that have negligible crazing as a result of moisture expansion. For nonvitreous and semivitreous bodies, refer to Test Method C424.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to crazing of fired, glazed, ceramic whitewares when stresses residual after glost firing may cause a tendency to craze, such stresses being induced by factors other than moisture expansion.
1.2 This test is not intended to induce moisture expansion, which fact should be kept in mind if the materials to be evaluated may exhibit moisture expansion.
Note 1: Test Method C424 covers a method for determining resistance to crazing induced by moisture expansion. Its use is generally confined to testing nonvitreous and semivitreous ceramic whitewares because these products may be subject to such expansion. For whitewares with negligible moisture expansion (such as vitreous and impervious ware), the thermal shock method described herein is generally to be preferred.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Warning in 6.3.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C554 − 93 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by
a Thermal Shock Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
C424 Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed
tance to crazing of fired, glazed, ceramic whitewares when
Whitewares by Autoclave Treatment
stresses residual after glost firing may cause a tendency to
craze, such stresses being induced by factors other than
3. Significance and Use
moisture expansion.
3.1 Unless there is a proper match between the expansions
1.2 This test is not intended to induce moisture expansion,
of the glaze and the body, all glazed whitewares may contain
which fact should be kept in mind if the materials to be
residual stresses from the firing that bonded the glaze to the
evaluated may exhibit moisture expansion.
body. In addition, whitewares are increasingly subjected to
thermal stresses in service. Hence, an important use criterion
NOTE1—TestMethodC424coversamethodfordeterminingresistance
for a glazed whiteware is adequate resistance to repeated
to crazing induced by moisture expansion. Its use is generally confined to
testing nonvitreous and semivitreous ceramic whitewares because these
abrupt thermal changes. In most cases, the result of inadequate
products may be subject to such expansion. For whitewares with negli-
resistance to thermal shock is the appearance of a craze pattern
gible moisture expansion (such as vitreous and impervious ware), the
in the glaze. This craze pattern is visible by inspection with
thermal shock method described herein is generally to be preferred.
oblique lighting and application of a suitable ink or dye.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 This test method is applicable to vitreous whitewares
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
that have negligible crazing as a result of moisture expansion.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
For nonvitreous and semivitreous bodies, refer to Test Method
and are not considered standard.
C424.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Oven—An oven suitable to operate in the range 250 to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
450 °F (121 to 232 °C) while holding the required tempera-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tures within 65°F (63 °C) and being capable of recovering
For a specific hazard statement, see Warning in 6.3.
temperature within 20 min after being loaded with the desired
number of specimen(s).
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Water Containers—Containers to hold water at 68 6
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5 °F (20 6 3 °C) before quenching; the capacity of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
containers shall be large enough so that the water temperature
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
does not exceed 85 °F (29 °C) after quenching a single
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
specimen. Two or more specimens may be quenched simulta-
neously in a single container provided they do not overlap on
the bottom of the container and provided that the water
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C554 – 93 (2016). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C0554-93R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C554 − 93 (2020)
temperature does not exceed 85 °F (29 °C) after quenching.As 6.5 Eliminate specimen(s) that exhibit crazing from further
a general rule, it will be found that 10 cm of water/g of ware, testing, but subject any undamaged specimen(s) to another
or 1 gal of water/lb of ware will be adequate to keep the heating and quenching cycle.
temperature within the required limits. There shall be enough
6.6 As long as the specimen(s) continue to resist crazing,
containers to quench all the specimens loaded in the oven. The
heat and quench them repeatedly for three cycles at oven
containers shall be deep enough so that at least ⁄2 in. (13 mm)
temperatures which
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.